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William Shakespeare   (1564-1616)

LINKS

GENERAL

Mr. William Shakespeare and the Internet
http://daphne.palomar.edu/shakespeare/

Terry Gray at Palomar College created this annotated guide to Shakespeare resources available on the Internet. This enormous site—definitely one to look at before you begin researching and writing on Shakespeare—provides Shakespeare biographies, information about Elizabethan theaters, and excellent guides to finding secondary sources on Shakespeare on the Web. The scholarly articles (organized by individual play) also are available online for use in your papers.

Welcome to Shakey's Place
http://library.advanced.org/10502/

Developed by students, this site boasts a "3D Globe Theater Internet Experience."

Such Stuff as Dreams Are Made On
http://members.aol.com/shakesp95/shakes.htm

This site has another interesting collection of Shakespeare links which are arranged by category.

The Collected Works of William Shakespeare
http://the-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/

The complete texts of Shakespeare online with a search tool (giving you also the word or phrase's context) and a glossary to help you understand the meaning of unfamiliar terms. Students interested in film interpretations of Shakespeare should also check out this site's related link.

The Sacred Wood: Hamlet and His Problems
http://www.bartleby.com/200/index.html

Written in 1920, T. S. Eliot's famous essay on Hamlet is an important archive of literary criticism on Shakespeare's tragedy. Look at this site to find out why Eliot calls the play an "artistic failure."

Shakespeare Internet Sites
http://web.uvic.ca/shakespeare/Annex/ShakSites1.html

Take some time to explore the many links (ranging from the academically rigorous to the quirky) at this site. Although there are many links to explore here, this site is most useful as a guide to stage and performance history in sixteenth-century England. Students interested in contemporary adaptations of Shakespearean drama (perhaps for a paper comparing or analyzing interpretations) can find good links here to information on a number of recent productions.

Early Modern Literary Studies: A Journal of Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Literature
http://purl.oclc.org/emls/emlshome.html

The best online journal on the topic, this site gives you full scholarly articles and their abstracts (short summaries of the articles) on topics potentially relevant to your own papers on Shakespeare.

HAMLET

Hamlet Synopsis
http://www.falconedlink.com/falcon/

For a student new to Shakespeare's tragedy, the humorous synopses and engaging analyses of each scene at this site provides an accessible critical overview of Hamlet.

Shakespeare's Hamlet
http://www.watson.org/rivendell/dramashakespeare.html

Imaginatively constructed by the Rivendell Educational Archive, which posts a series of sites on different topics, this site provides several possibilities for studying Shakespeare, including a biography, a bibliography, and a page for studying the history and culture of Elizabethan England. Most notably, the site provides a good analysis of characters in Hamlet, information on the play's production history, information about the role of the Globe theater in Shakespearean performance history. The Web author proposes a cast list for a version of Hamlet stocked with famous actors (with explanations of the choices) which provides some insights into how Hamlet's players might be interpreted.

The Tragedy of Hamlet
http://www.hamlet.org/

In addition to highlighting the play's most famous lines (enticing for a student looking at the play for the first time), this site gives you a list of film, stage, and television productions of Hamlet from the mid-eighteenth century through 1990. This site is an excellent resource if you are writing a paper that compares or analyzes dramatic interpretations of the play.

The Last Moments of Hamlet
http://anglisti.uni-muenster.de/conn/brown21.htm

From Connotations, an online journal, a critical debate between four leading Shakespearean scholars on the ending of Hamlet. The debate begins with John Russell Brown, and from his article you can click to subsequent responses to his argument.

IHenry IV

Royalty of England
http://www.peak.org/shrewsbury/References/bloodline.html

From the Norton Anthology of Literature (Volume 1), a chronological bloodline of England's royalty from 802 A.D. to Charles I (1649) gives you the historical context of the major kings of Shakespeare's history plays. Also extremely helpful in providing a context for the events dramatized in the histories are links to a map of Great Britain in 1595 and an excellent array of resources on the Web for information of all aspects of life in Renaissance and medieval England.

A Midsummer Night's Dream

A Midsummer Night's Dream
http://web.uvic.ca/shakespeare/Annex/DraftTxt/MND/

The aim of the Internet Shakespeare Editions is to make scholarly, fully annotated texts of Shakespeare's plays available over the Internet. It contains a growing database of performance records, both from collections and archives of historical collections and also from current productions of participating companies, festivals, and theater departments.

A Midsummer Night's Dream Guide
http://www.ulen.com/shakespeare/plays/mnd/mnd_guide.html

This guide walks you through the steps that the Moscow Alternative School Center in Idaho took to put on a production of Midsummer. In addition, you will find a computer study guide, study questions, and Midsummer links from around the Web, plus dozens of pictures of performances all over the world.

A Midsummer Night's Dream
http://www.cc.emory.edu/ENGLISH/classes/Shakespeare_Illustrated/
MidsummerPaintings.html

The Moscow Alternative School Center in Idaho has provided links to more than twenty representations of A Midsummer Night's Dream in art throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Mythology in A Midsummer Night's Dream
http://quarles.unbc.edu/midsummer/mythintro.html

Bulfinch's Mythology is a good source for basic mythological information. The accounts presented in his books are colored with a Christian interpretation at times; however, they are valuable research tools.

The RSC's A Midsummer Night's Dream
http://britishtheatre.about.com/musicperform/britishtheatre/library/
weekly/aa110799.htm

A review of the 1999 Royal Shakespeare Company's production of A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Othello

Study Questions for Shakespeare's Othello
http://www.jetlink.net/~massij/wssq/othello.html

These study questions, created by the people at the Shakespeare Classroom, should help generate ideas.

All Shakespeare Othello Guide
http://www.allshakespeare.com/plays/othello/start.shtml

Here you will find a brief overview, a scene-by-scene summary of the play, a fully searchable text, critical discussions, character analysis, and a bibliography.

BIOGRAPHY
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was born at Stratford-on-Avon in April 1564. His father became an important public figure, rising to the position of high bailiff (equivalent to mayor) of Stratford. Although we know practically nothing of his personal life, we may assume that Shakespeare received a decent grammar school education in literature, logic, and Latin (though not in mathematics or natural science). When he was eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway, eight years his senior; six months later their son was born. Two years later, Anne bore twins.

We do not know how the young Shakespeare supported his family, and we do not hear of him again until 1592, when a rival London playwright sarcastically refers to him as an "upstart crow." Shakespeare seems to have prospered in the London theater world. He probably began as an actor, and earned enough as author and part owner of his company's theaters to acquire property.

His sonnets, which were written during the 1590s, reveal rich and varied interests. Some are addressed to an attractive young man (whom the poet urges to marry); others to the mysterious dark lady; still others suggest a love triangle of two men and a woman. His dramas include historical plays based on English dynastic struggles; comedies, both festive and dark; romances such as Pericles (1608) and Cymbeline (1611) that cover decades in the lives of their characters; and the great tragedies: Hamlet (1602), Othello (1604), King Lear (1605), and Macbeth (1606).

About 1611 (at age forty-seven), he retired to the second largest house in Stratford. He died in 1616, leaving behind a body of work that still stands as a pinnacle in world literature.



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