As you might expect, a footnote goes at the bottom (or "foot") of each page while an endnote is placed after the last page of the text. The form for writing both types of notes is the same.

First Reference The first time you refer to a book in a footnote, list all of the following information:

• Author's full name followed by a comma
• Book title in full, underlined or italicized
• Publication information (enclosed in parentheses and followed by a comma): place of publication followed by a colon; name of publisher followed by a comma and the date of publication
• Page number(s) cited followed by a period

FOR EXAMPLE:

1. Jules Benjamin, The United States and the Origins of the Cuban Revolution (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990), 124.

Second Reference For a second (or third, etc.) reference to the same book, you need include only the author's last name and the page number.

FOR EXAMPLE:

2. Benjamin, 136.

However, if you refer in your notes to another book by the same author, then your second and subsequent references to both titles require the inclusion of a short title in your footnote or endnote so that the reader will know which of the two books you are citing.

For more extended examples of footnote references to books, see a Student's Guide to History, eighth edition, pages 124-126.