To the Instructor
To the Student
Citations
PART I: MAKING SOURCES YOUR OWN
1. READING FOR UNDERSTANDING
UNDERLINING
ANNOTATING
Reading: William Leach, from Land of Desire
Exercise 1: Annotating a Passage
*Katherine Ashenberg, from The Dirt on Clean
*Steven Pinker, The Blank Slate
ASKING QUESTIONS
Reading: Blanche Blank, A Question of Degree
Exercise 2: Understanding What You Read
*Jill McCorkle, Cuss Time
QUESTIONING THE AUTHOR
Reading: Rubén Martínez, The Kindness of Strangers
Exercise 3: Examining Intention
*Sally Satel, When Altruism Isn't Moral
USING EVIDENCE AND REASONING
Exercise 4: Citing Evidence
*Dan Bilefsky, Children Left Behind Suffer the Strains of Migration
INTERPRETING EVIDENCE
Exercise 5: Drawing Inferences
*Libby Sander, For College Athletes, Recruiting is a Fair (but Flawed) Game
USING LOGICAL REASONING
Exercise 6: Analyzing an Author's Logic
*Michael Mandelbaum, from Democracy's Good Name
*Diana West, from The Death of the Grown-Up
PART II: PRESENTING SOURCES TO OTHERS
2. SUMMARIZING SOURCES
SUMMARIZING A PARAGRAPH
Exercise 7: Summarizing a Paragraph
Margaret Mead, from Some Personal Views
Michael Pollan, from An Animal's Place
Steve Olsen, from Mapping Human History
Sara Kershaw, Enough of the Hills and Woods, Can I Send Grandma an E-Card?
Daniel Boorstin, from Americans: The National Experience
Steven Pinker, from The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature
*Lawrence Rosen, What We Got Wrong
SUMMARIZING AN ARTICLE
Reading: Selwyn Raab, Holdup Man Tells Detectives How to Do It
Exercise 8: Summarizing an Article
*Jonathan Malesic, How Dumb Do They Think We Are?
SUMMARIZING A COMPLEX ESSAY
Reading: Bertrand Russell, The Social Responsibility of Scientists
Assignment 1: Summarizing an Essay
*Nicholas Carr, Is Google Making Us Stupid?
*Roger Scruton, from A Carnivore's Credo
3. QUOTING SOURCES
REASONS FOR QUOTING
USING QUOTATIONS
Exercise 9: Quoting Correctly
QUOTING ACCURATELY
TAILORING QUOTATIONS TO FIT YOUR WRITING
Exercise 10: Using Ellipses and Brackets in Quotations
WRITING CITATIONS
DECIDING WHAT TO QUOTE
Reading: Lizabeth Cohen, from A Consumer's Republic
Exercise 11: Why Quote?
*John De Graaf, David Wann, and Thomas H. Naylor, from Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic
Exercise 12: What to Quote
*Tom Vanderbilt, Traffic
*Thomas G. Mortenson, from Where the Boys Were
INTEGRATING QUOTATIONS INTO YOUR PARAGRAPHS
Exercise 13: Integrating Quotations Into a Paragraph
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
Exercise 14: Identifying Plagiarism
4. PARAPHRASING SOURCES
USING PARAPHRASE IN YOUR ESSAYS
Exercise 15: Identifying a Good Paraphrase
Peter C. Whybrow, from Dangerously Addictive
Exercise 16: Paraphrasing a Difficult Passage
USING PARAPHRASE WITH QUOTATION AND SUMMARY
Reading: Conor Cruise O'Brien, Violence-And Two Schools of Thought
Exercise 17: Distinguishing Between Quotation, Paraphrase, Summary, and Commentary
*David Leonhardt, Maybe Money Does Buy Happiness After All
WRITING A PARAGRAPH THAT INCORPORATES PARAPHRASE AND QUOTATION: “JARHEAD”
Reading: Anthony Swofford, Jarhead
Exercise 18: Paraphrasing Without Plagiarism
Exercise 19: Writing a Paragraph that Incorporates Paraphrase and Quotation
*Ursula K. Le Guin, from Staying Awake: Notes on the Alleged Decline of Reading
PRESENTING SOURCES: A SUMMARY OF PRELIMINARY WRITING SKILLS
PART III: WRITING FROM SOURCES
5. THE SINGLE-SOURCE ESSAY
STRATEGY ONE: ARGUING AGAINST YOUR SOURCE
Reading: Roger Sipher, So That Nobody Has to Go to School If They Don't Want To
Assignment 2: Writing an Argument Based on a Single Source
Carl Singleton, What Our Education System Needs is More Fs
*Steven M. Wise, Why Animals Deserve Legal Rights
*Mirko Bagaric and Julie Clarke, from Torture: When the Unthinkable is Morally Permissible
STRATEGY TWO: DEVELOPING AN ESSAY BASED ON A SOURCE
Assignment 3: Writing an Essay Based on a Single Source
*Jenni Russell, The Selfish Generation
*Christopher Caldwell, What a College Education Buys
*Bobby Allyn, Among Privileged Classmates, I'm an Outsider
6. THE MULTIPLE-SOURCE ESSAY
ANALYZING MULTIPLE SOURCES
Exercise 20: Analyzing Shades of Meaning in Multiple Sources
Assignment 4: Writing a Definition Essay from Multiple Sources
SYNTHESIZING MULTIPLE SOURCES: “LOTTERY”
Exercise 21: Identifying Common Ideas
ORGANIZING MULTIPLE SOURCES: “STUDENT PROMOTION”
Reading: Gene I. Maeroff, from Rule Tying Pupil Promotion to Reading Skill Stirs Worry
EVALUATING SOURCES
WRITING A SYNTHESIS ESSAY
Exercise 22: Analyzing a Paragraph Based on a Synthesis of Sources
Alan Wolfe, Moral Freedom: Till Circumstances Do Us Part
Assignment 5: Writing an Essay Synthesizing Multiple Sources
*Laurie Fendrich, The B-Minus Reigns Supreme
Assignment 6: Writing an Argument from Multiple Sources
*Jennifer Medina, Can Students Be Paid to Excel?
WHEN NOT TO SYNTHESIZE
SYNTHESIZING SOURCES IN ACADEMIC ESSAYS
Reading: Jeffrey Rosen, from The Naked Crowd
Exercise 23: Integrating Three Academic Sources
*Andrew Keen, from The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet is Killing Our Culture
*Lee Siegel, from Against the Machine: Being Human in the Age of the Electronic Mob
*William Deresiewicz, from The End of Solitude
Assignment 7: Synthesizing Academic Sources
*Steven Johnson, from Everything Bad is Good for You
*Christine Rosen, from People of the Screen
PART IV: WRITING THE RESEARCH ESSAY
7. FINDING SOURCES
TOPIC NARROWING
Exercise 24: Narrowing a Topic
Exercise 25: Proposing a Topic
LOCATING SOURCES
INTERVIEWING AND FIELD RESEARCH
Assignment 8: Writing an Essay Based on Interviews or Field Research
SAVING AND RECORDING INFORMATION FOR YOUR BIBLIOGRAPHY
Exercise 26: Compiling a Working Bibliography
Exercise 27: Finding and Selecting Sources
Assignment 9: Preparing a Topic Proposal for a Research Essay
8. EVALUATING SOURCES
EVALUATING PRINT SOURCES
EVALUATING WEB SOURCES
EVALUATING WEB SOURCES ABOUT ANIMAL RIGHTS
INTEGRATING SOURCES
Exercise 28: Evaluating Internet Sources
Exercise 29: Choosing Internet Sources
Exercise 30: Evaluating Sources
*Britannica Online, from Wikipedia
*Andrew Lih, from The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia
*Jonathan Zittrain, from The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It
*Andrew Keen, from The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet is Killing Our Culture
*Amit Ray and Erhardt Graeff, from Reviewing the Author-Function in the Age of Wikipedia
*Darren Crovitz and W. Scott Smoot, from Wikipedia: Friend, Not Foe
*Jakob Voss, from Measuring Wikipedia
*Roy Rosenzweig, from Can History Be Open Source? Wikipedia and the Future of the Past
*Noam Cohen, from A History Department Bans Citing Wikipedia As a Research Source
*Adam Tornes, from Wikipedia: Encyclopedia or Karma Sutra?
Exercise 31: Comparing Sources
300 Killed By Fire (The New York Times)
Catastrophe: Boston's Worst (Time Magazine)
Bernard Devoto, The Easy Chair
9. WRITING THE RESEARCH ESSAY
SAVING INFORMATION
TAKING NOTES
Exercise 32: Taking Notes on Two Topics
Exercise 33: Taking Notes on Three Topics
*Janet M. Davis, from The Circus Age: Culture and Society Under the American Big Top
DEVELOPING A LIST OF TOPICS
PLANNING A STRATEGY
ARRANGING THE ORDER OF TOPICS: OUTLINING
COMPLETING YOUR OUTLINE
WRITING INTEGRATED PARAGRAPHS
ACCOMMODATING ARGUMENT IN YOUR PARAGRAPHS
PRESENTING ARGUMENTS FAIRLY
INTEGRATING YOUR SOURCES: RECRUITING IN COLLEGE ATHLETICS
WRITING AN INTRODUCTION
USING VISUALS AS SOURCES
Assignment 10: Organizing and Writing the Research Essay
10. ACKNOWLEDGING SOURCES
WHEN TO DOCUMENT INFORMATION
PLAGIARISM: STEALING IDEAS
PLAGIARISM: STEALING WORDS
Exercise 34: Understanding When to Document Information
Exercise 35: Understanding Plagiarism
Exercise 36: Identifying Plagiarism
USING DOCUMENTATION
Exercise 37: Acknowledging Sources
MANAGING DOCUMENTATION
Exercise 38: Documenting Sources Correctly
PREPARING THE FINAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Exercise 39: Preparing the Bibliography
PRESENTING YOUR ESSAY
11. TWO RESEARCH ESSAYS
Readings:
Bethany Dettmore, Looking at Horror Films
David Morgan, Explaining the Tunguskan Phenomenon
12. SOME BASIC FORMS FOR DOCUMENTATION: MLA, APA, AND ENDNOTES
MLA STYLE
APA STYLE
NUMBERED BIBLIOGRAPHY
ENDNOTE/FOOTNOTE DOCUMENTATION
NOTES PLUS PAGE NUMBERS IN THE TEXT
*new to this edition