Foreword
Preface
List of Illustrations
Introduction: "Times Are Altered with Us Indians"
A World of Changes
Indians in Colonial America
Sources of Indian History: Weighing the Evidence
1. Voices from the Shore
The Creation of the World
John Norton, Iroquois Creation Story, ca. 1816
The Creeks Come to Their Homeland
Chekilli, Origin of the Creek Confederacy, 1735
A Dream of Strangers
Josiah Jeremy, The Floating Island, 1869
Meeting the Dutch at Manhattan
John Heckwelder, The Arrival of the Dutch, ca. 1765
"What Can You Get by Warre . . .?"
Powhatan, Speech to Captain John Smith, 1609
"The Coming of a Strange Race"
Josiah Quinney, July 4 Speech, 1854
2. Cultural Conflicts, Contests, and Confluences
A Native American Theological Debate
John Eliot, A Dialogue between Piumbukhou and His Unconverted Relatives, ca. 1671
A Micmac Questions French "Civilization"
Chrestien LeClerq, A Micmac Responds to the French, ca. 1677
An Indian Woman Bequeths Her Property
Naomai Omaush, Will, 1749
Autobiography of an Indian Minister
Samson Occom, A Short Narrative of My Life, 1768
Letters of a Naragansett Family
Sarah Simon, Letter to Eleazar Wheelock, 1767
Sarah Simon (the Daughter), Letter to Eleazar Wheelock, 1769
Daniel Simon, Letter to Eleazar Wheelock, 1771
The Iroquois Reject Wheelock's "Benevolence"
Speech of the Oneida Headman, 1772
Speech of the Onondaga Council, 1772
A Delaware "Mouthpiece"
Joseph Pepee, Response to the Unconverted Delawares, 1772
"The White Woman of the Genesee"
Mary Jemison, A Narrative of Her Life, 1824
3. Land, Trade, and Treaties
Submission to "Old England"
Naragansett Indians, Act of Submission, 1644
Two Land Deeds from Maine
Nanuddemance, Deed to John Parker, June 14, 1659
Jane of Scarborough, Deed to Andrew and Arthur Alger, September 19, 1659
Indian Land Claims Disputed
Mittark, Agreement of Gay Head Indians Not to Sell Land to the English, 1681
The "River Indians" Answer Govenor Burnet
Mahican Indians, Reply to William Burnet, Govenor of New York, 1722
The Alienation of Natchez
Antoine Le Page du Pratz, Reply of the Stung Serpent, 1723
The Casco Bay Treaty
Loron Sauguaarum, An Account of Negotiations Leading to the Casco Bay Treaty, 1727
The "Walking Purchase": A Delaware Complaint and an Iroquois Response
Delaware Indians, Complaint against the "Walking Purchase," November 21, 1740
Canasatego, Response to the Delawares' Complaint, July 12, 1742
The Treaty of Lancaster
Canasatego, Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster, July 4, 1744
A Guardian System for Indian Lands
Indians at Mashpee, Petition to the Massachusetts General Court, June 11, 1752
Resolving Conflicts with Colonial Neighbors
King Hagler (Nopkehe), Reply to Colonists' Complaints, 1754
Colonists Encroach on the Stanwix Line
John Killbuck, Speech to the Govenors of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, December 4, 1771
4. In a World of Warfare: American Indians and the Wars for Empire
La Barre's Failed Bluff
Garangula, Speech to New France Govenor La Barre, 1684
Iroquois Loyalty Turns to Disenchantment
Cheda, Promise to Uphold the Covenant Chain, 1692
Intertribal Conflict Fostered by Colonists
Gachadow, Speech to the Virginia Commissioners at the Treaty of Lancaster, 1744
The Abenakis Defy the English
Atiwaneto, Speech Resisting Colonial Expansion, 1752
The Chickasaws Appeal for Help
Chickasaw Headman, Speech to the Govenor of South Carolina, April 5, 1756
French and Indian Wars, or French and English Wars?
Delaware Indians, Response to the Moravian Ambassador, 1758
A New Era for Algonkians and Englishmen
Minavavana, Speech to Alexander Henry, 1761
Pontiac's War
Pontiac, The Master of Life Speaks to the Wolf, 1763
The Pleas and Plight of the Choctaw Chiefs
Choctaw Chiefs, Speeches to John Stuart, Mobile, Alabama, 1772
5. American Indians and the American Revolution, 1775-1783
The Oneidas Declare Neutrality
Oneida Indians, Speech to Govenor Trumbull, 1775
Joseph Brant Addresses His Majesty's Secretary of State
Joseph Brant, Address to Lord Germain, 1776
Cherokees Fight for Their Survival
Corn Tassel, Speech at Treaty Talks with Virginia and North Carolina, 1777
The Delawares and the Treaty of Fort Pitt
Delaware Indians, Letter to George Morgan, 1779
The Revolution through the Eyes of a Seneca Woman
Mary Jemison, A View of the Revolution, 1775-1779
The Revolution through Captain Pipe's Eyes
Captain Pipe, Speech to British Colonel DePeyester, November 1781
Adjusting to New Realities: The Chickasaws' Revolution
Chickasaw Chiefs, Message to Congress, July 1783
Brant Demands the Truth
Joseph Brant, Message to Govenor Frederick Haldimand, 1783
6. Indian Voices from the New Nation
Alexander McGillivray Rejects American Pretensions
Alexander McGillivray, Letter to Govenor Arturo O'Neill, July 10, 1785
The United Indian Nations Announce a New Policy
United Indian Nations, Speech at the Confederate Council, November 28 and December 18, 1786
The World Turned Upside Down
Henry Quaquaquid and Robert Ashpo, Petition to the Connecticut State Assembly, May 1789
Joseph Brant Weighs Indian and White Civilizations
Joseph Brant, Indian vs. White Civilization, 1789
The Continuing Conflict over Land
Indian Representatives, Proposal to Maintain Indian Lands, 1793
Epilogue: Surviving as Vanishing Americans
APPENDICES
Appendix I. Treaty between the Abenaki Indians and the English at Casco Bay, 1727
Appendix II. Treaty with the Delawares, 1778
Questions for Consideration
Selected Bibliography
Index