Preface
Part One: Understanding Argument
1. Approaches To Argument
*Aristotelian Rhetoric
*Sample Essay With Analysis: Aristotelian
*Juan Williams, Don’t Mourn Brown v. Board Of Education
*Rogerian Argument
Joe Sharkey, Airport Screeners Could See X-Rated X-Rays
Chris Kapper, Freedom to Live Trumps All!
*Sample Essay with Analysis: Rogerian
*Michael Kinsley, Racial Profiling At The Airport: Discrimination We’re Afraid to Be
Against
The Toulmin Model
The Terms of Toulmin Argument
The Claim
The Support
The Warrant
Writer’s Guide: Learning the Key Terms
Sample Essay with Analysis: Toulmin
Robert J. Samuelson, The Hard Truth of Immigration
Assignments for Understanding the Structure of Argument
Research Readiness: Using Databases
2. Critical Reading
Pre-reading
Research Skill: Examining Author, Subject, and Context
Charles Krauthammer, Let’s Have No More Monkey Trials
Comprehension
Strategies for Comprehending Arguments
Sample Annotated Essay
Edward Jay Epstein, Sex And The Cinema
Writer’s Guide: Annotating a Text
Research Skill: Summarizing
Evaluation
Sample Annotated Essay
Alfie Kohn, No-Win Situations
*Stephanie Fairyington, The Gay Option
Critical Listening
Reading a Visual Argument
Assignments for Critical Reading
Research Readiness: Skimming and Summarizing
3. Analytical Writing
Writing the Claim
*Roger Kaplan, Enabling Ignorance
Planning the Structure
Using Sentence Forms to Construct an Argument
Providing Support
Writer’s Guide: Incorporating Quotations into Your Text
Documenting Your Sources
Writer’s Guide: Documenting Use of Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation
Avoiding Plagiarism
Examining Some Models
Sample Essay and Analytical Response: Claim of Fact
*Eric Jaffe, Reality Check
Student Analytical Response: Claim of Fact
*Deion Moore, Psychoanalyzing Reality TV
Sample Essay and Analytical Response: Claim of Value
*Noam Shpancer, The Meaning Of Reality (TV)
Student Analytical Response: Claim of Value
*Ashley Wilson, The Meaning Of Shpancer (Really)
Sample Essay with Analysis: Rogerian Argument
Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, Parents Need Help: Restricting Access To Video Games
Readings for Analysis
Alan M. Dershowitz, Is There a Torturous Road to Justice?
Seth Finkelstein, Alan Dershowitz’s Tortuous Torturous Argument
*Barbara A. Spellman, Could Reality Shows Become Reality Experiments?
*Debate: Should We all Pledge to End Derogatory Use of the Word “Retard”?
*Patricia E. Bauer, A Movie, a Word and My Family’s Battle
*Christopher M. Fairman, The Case Against Banning The Word “Retard”
Assignments for Analytical Writing
Research Readiness: Incorporating Quotations
Part Two: Analyzing the Elements
4. Definition
The Purposes of Definition
Defining the Terms in Your Argument
Methods for Defining Terms
The Definition Essay
Writer’s Guide: Writing a Definition Essay
Sample Annotated Essay
Brian Whitaker, The Definition of Terrorism
Readings for Analysis
*Stanley Fish, When Is a Cross a Cross?
*William Deresiewicz, Faux Friendship
*Guy-Uriel Charles, Stop Calling Quake Victims Looters
Debate: Is the Definition of Marriage Changing?
Howard Moody, Gay Marriage Shows Why We Need To Separate Church and State
Jo Ann Citron, Will It Be Marriage or Civil Union?
Assignments for Understanding Definition
Research Readiness: Using Encyclopedias
5. Claims
Claims of Fact
Sample Essay: Claim of Fact
Robert J. Samuelson, Picking Sides for the News
Claims of Value
Sample Essay: Claim of Value
Roger Ebert, Crash
Claims of Policy
Sample Annotated Essay: Claim of Policy
Elisha Dov Hack, College Life Versus My Moral Code
Readings for Analysis
Richard Hayes, Supersize Your Child?
Wesley Morris, “Saw” Good at Tying Things in Knots
*Amy Kamenetz, Take This Internship and Shove It
*Debate: What Is the Social Responsibility of Business?
*John Mackey, Putting Customers Ahead of Investors
*T. J. Rodgers, Put Profits First
Assignments for Understanding Claims
Research Readiness: Acknowledging Reliable Authorities
6. Support
Types of Support: Evidence and Appeals to Needs and Values
Evidence
Research Skill: Evaluation of Evidence
Appeals to Needs and Values
Evaluation of Appeals to Needs and Values
Writer’s Guide: Using Effective Support
Sample Annotated Essay
*Louis Uchitelle, American Dream Is Elusive for New Generation
Sample Essay with Analysis
Hal R. Varian, The True Cost Of SUVs
Bethany Royce, The True Confusion about SUV Costs
Sample Student Essay
Kristen Weinacker, Safer? Tastier? More Nutritious? The Dubious Merits Of Organic Foods
Readings for Analysis
Bernard Goldberg, Connecting The Dots... To Terrorism
*Charles Murray, Abolish the SAT
Theodora Ooms, Marriage-Plus
Debate: Is Assuming the Role of Citizen Journalist Worth the Risk?
Lily Yulianti, Praise For Student’s Footage Of Virginia Tech Mass Killing
Mark Memmott with Alan Levin and Greg Livadas, Disaster Photos: Newsworthy or
Irresponsible?
Assignments for Providing Support
Research Readiness: Using Books for Support
7. Warrants
What Are Warrants?
Robert A. Sirico, An Unjust Sacrifice
Types of Warrants
Sample Annotated Essay
Michael Levin, The Case for Torture
Writer’s Guide: Recognizing Warrants
Readings for Analysis
Eric Auchard, We’re All Celebrities in Post-Privacy Age
*Careerbuilder.com, Don’t Jump [Advertisement]
*Jeff Jacoby, What’s Wrong With Price Gouging?
*BackBayalltheWay, Response To Jacoby
*Debate: Is Recycling Plastic Good Stewardship or Bad Business?
*John Trotti, Why Let Stewardship Get in the Way of a Quick Buck?
*Sharon Kneiss, Argument for Recycling is Strong
Assignments for Analyzing Warrants
Research Readiness: Identifying Reliable Authorities
8. Logic
Induction
Sample Essay: An Inductive Argument
Richard Rothstein, True Or False: Schools Fail Immigrants
Deduction
Sample Annotated Essay: A Deductive Argument
David Von Drehle, It’s All About Him
Common Fallacies
Writer’s Guide: Avoiding Logical Fallacies
Readings for Analysis
*Adolf Hitler, On Nation And Race
*Leon Seltzer and David Niose, Teen Sex: The “Holy”--vs. Humanistic-- Approach
Jennifer Grossman, Food For Thought (and for Credit)
Debate: Should the Federal Government Fund Embryonic Stem-Cell Research?
Anna Quindlen, A New Look, an Old Battle
Mona Charen, The Misleading Debate On Stem-Cell Research
Assignments for Avoiding Flawed Logic
Research Readiness: Using Up-to-Date Data
9. Language
The Power of Words
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Address To Congress, December 8, 1941
Connotation
Slanting
Newman P. Birk and Genevieve B. Birk, Selection, Slanting, and Charged Language
Picturesque Language
Concrete and Abstract Language
Short Cuts
Sample Annotated Essay
George W. Bush, President’s Address to the Nation, September 11, 2006
Writer’s Guide: Choosing Your Words Carefully
Readings for Analysis
*William Faulkner, Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
*Jacob Neusner, The Speech The Graduates Didn’t Hear
*R. Cort Kirkwood, Driving Home Their Point
Debate: Does the Government Have the Right to Regulate Guns?
Warren E. Burger, The Right To Bear Arms
Roger D. McGrath, A God-Given Natural Right
Assignments for Choosing Fair and Precise Language
Research Readiness: Following a Research Trail
Part Three: Researching, Writing, and Presenting Arguments
10. The Argumentative Paper: Planning and Research
Finding an Appropriate Topic
Initiating Research
Writer’s Guide: Keeping Your Research on Track
Mapping Research: A Sample Outline
Using Sources: Primary Research
Using Sources: Secondary Research
Evaluating Source
Taking Notes
Documenting Your Research (MLA System)
Documenting Your Research (APA System)
Wrapping Up Research
11. The Argumentative Paper: Writing and Documentation
Organizing the Material
Writing
The MLA System for Citing Sources
Revising
Preparing the Manuscript
Writer’s Guide: Checklist for Argumentative Papers
Sample Research Paper (MLA Style)
*Kathleen Hedden, Competitive Foods and the Obesity Epidemic
The APA System for Citing Sources
Sample Research Paper (APA Style)
Angela Mathers, The Controversy Over Women In Combat
12. Oral Argument
The Audience
Credibility
Organization
Language
Support
Presentation Aids
Sample Persuasive Speech
C. Renzi Stone, Live Longer And Healthier: Stop Eating Meat!
Reading for Analysis
Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have A Dream
Glossary
Index of Subjects
Index of Authors and Titles
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