12. The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages, 1300-1450
12-1 Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron: The Plague Hits Florence, ca. 1350
12-2 The Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants' Revolt, 1381
12-3 Petrarca-Meister, The Social Order, ca. 1500
12-4 Jean Froissart, The Sack of Limoges: On Warfare Without Chivalry, ca. 1400
| VIEWPOINTS: WOMEN AND POWER
| 12-5 Catherine of Siena, Letter to Gregory XI, 1372
| 12-6 Joan of Arc, Letter to the English, 1431
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
13. European Society in the Age of the Renaissance, 1350-1550
13-1 Petrarch, Letter to Livy, ca. 1350
| VIEWPOINTS: THE RENAISSANCE STATE
| 13-2 Leonardo Bruni, Panegyric to Florence, ca. 1403
| 13-3 Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince: Power Politics During the Italian Renaissance, 1513
| 13-4 Baldassare Castiglioni, The Book of the Courtier: The Ideal Courtier, 1528
13-5 Christine de Pizan, The Book of the City of Ladies: Against Those Men Who Claim It Is Not Good for Women to Be Educated, 1404
13-6 Account of an Italian Jew Expelled from Spain, 1492
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
14. Reformations and Religious Wars, 1500-1600
14-1 Martin Luther, Ninety-five Theses on the Power of Indulgences, 1517
14-2 Hans Holbein the Younger, Luther as the German Hercules, ca. 1519
| VIEWPOINTS: WOMEN AND MARRIAGE
| 14-3 Katharina Schutz Zell, Apologia for Master Matthew Zell: Clerical Marriage, 1524
| 14-4 Jeanne de Jussie, The Short Chronicle: Defending the Convent, ca. 1530
14-5 Nicholas de la Fontaine, The Trial of Michael Servetus in Calvin's Geneva, 1553
14-6 Ignatius of Loyola, Rules for Right Thinking, 1548
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
15. European Exploration and Conquest, 1450-1650
15-1 Ducas, Historia Turcobyzantia: The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans, ca. 1465
15-2 Hernando Cortés, Two Letters to Charles V: On the Conquest of the Aztecs, 1521
| VIEWPOINTS: THE SLAVE TRADE IN AFRICA
| 15-3 Alvise da Ca' da Mosto, Description of Capo Bianco and the Islands Nearest to It: Fifteenth-Century Slave Trade in West Africa, 1455-1456
| 15-4 King Nzinga Mbemba Affonso of Congo, Letters on the Slave Trade, 1526
15-5 Saint Francis Xavier, Missionaries in Japan, 1552
15-6 Michel de Montaigne, Of Cannibals, 1580
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
16. Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Europe, ca. 1589-1725
16-1 Henry IV, Edict of Nantes: Limited Toleration for the Huguenots, 1598
16-2 Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture, 1679
16-3 Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Memoir on Finances, 1670
16-4 Peter the Great, Edicts and Decrees: Imposing Western Styles on the Russians, 1699-1723
| VIEWPOINTS: THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE STATE OF NATURE
| 16-5 Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651
| 16-6 John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government: Vindication for the Glorious Revolution, 1690
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
17. Toward a New Worldview, 1540-1789
17-1 Nicolaus Copernicus, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, 1542
17-2 Francis Bacon, On Superstition and the Virtue of Science, 1620
| VIEWPOINTS: MONARCHICAL POWER AND RESPONSIBILITY
| 17-3 Frederick the Great, Essay on the Forms of Government, ca. 1740
| 17-4 Baron de Montesquieu, From The Spirit of Laws: On the Separation of Governmental Powers, 1748
17-5 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract: On Popular Sovereignty and the General Will, 1762
17-6 Marquis de Condorcet, Outlines of an Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind, 1793-1794
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
18. The Expansion of Europe, 1650-1800
18-1 Arthur Young, Political Essays Concerning the Present State of the British Empire, 1772
18-2 The Guild System in Germany, 1704-1719
18-3 Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776
| VIEWPOINTS: TRADE AND EMPIRE IN AFRICA AND ASIA
| 18-4 Captain Willem Bosman, On the Slave Trade in Guinea, ca. 1700
| 18-5 Robert, First Baron Clive, Speech in the House of Commons on India, 1772
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
19 The Changing Life of the People, 1700-1800
19-1 Edmond Williamson, Births and Deaths in an English Gentry Family, 1709-1720
19-2 John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning Education, 1693
| VIEWPOINTS: ORGANIZED RELIGION IN THE 1700S
| 19-3 John Wesley, The Ground Rules for Methodism, 1749
| 19-4 Voltaire, A Treatise on Toleration, 1763
19-5 Mary Wortley Montagu, On Smallpox Inoculations, ca. 1717
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
20. The Revolution in Politics, 1775-1815
20-1 Commissioners of the Third Estate of the Carcassonne, Cahier de Doleances: The Third Estate Speaks, 1789
20-2 Edward Rigby, On The Taking of the Bastille and Its Aftermath, 1789
| VIEWPOINTS: THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR A REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
| 20-3 National Assembly of France, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1789
| 20-4 Napoleon Bonaparte, The Napoleonic Code, 1804
20-5 Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 1792
20-6 François Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture, A Black Revolutionary Leader in Haiti, 1797
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
21. The Revolution in Energy and Industry, ca. 1780-1850
21-1 Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798
| VIEWPOINTS: THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF MANCHESTER, ENGLAND
| 21-2 John Aikin, Manchester Becomes a Thriving Industrial City, 1795
| 21-3 Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England, 1844
21-4 Ned Ludd, Yorkshire Textile Workers Threaten a Factory Owner, 1811-1812
21-5 Robert Owen, A New View of Society, 1813
21-6 The Child of the Factory, 1842
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
22. Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815-1850
22-1 David Ricardo, On Wages, 1817
| VIEWPOINTS: CONSERVATISM AND LIBERALISM
| 22-2 Klemens von Metternich, Political Confession of Faith, 1820
| 22-3 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, 1848
22-4 Caspar David Friedrich, Monastery Graveyard in the Snow, ca. 1817-1819
22-5 The People's Charter, 1838
22-6 R. William Steuart Trench, Realities of Irish Life: The Misery of the Potato Famine, 1847
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
23. Life in the Emerging Urban Society, 1840-1900
23-1 Sir Edwin Chadwick, Inquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the Poor, 1842
| VIEWPOINTS: POVERTY AND PROSPERITY IN URBAN LIFE
| 23-2 Jack London, People of the Abyss, 1902
| 23-3 Isabella Beeton, Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management, 1861
23-4 Clara Zetkin, Women's Work and the Trade Unions, 1887
23-5 Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, 1871
23-6 Herbert Spencer, Social Statics: Survival of the Fittest Applied to Humankind, 1851
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
24. The Age of Nationalism, 1850-1914
| VIEWPOINTS: THE STATE AND THE PEOPLE
| 24-1 Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address, 1863
| 24-2 Otto von Bismarck, Speech Before the Reichstag: On the Law for Workers' Compensation, 1884
24-3 John Leighton, Paris Under the Commune, 1871
24-4 Émile Zola, “J'Accuse” the French Army, 1898
24-5 Leo Pinsker, Auto-Emancipation: A Russian Zionist Makes the Case for a Jewish Homeland, 1882
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
25. The West and the World, 1815-1914
| VIEWPOINTS: ECONOMIC IMPERIALISM
| 25-1 Commissioner Lin, Letter to Queen Victoria, 1839
| 25-5 Jules Ferry, Speech Before the French Chamber of Deputies, 1884
25-3 Sir Henry Morton Stanley, Autobiography: European Imperialism in Africa, 1909
25-4 Mark Twain, King Leopold's Soliloquy, 1905
25-5 The Boxers Declare Death to “Foreign Devils,” 1900
25-6 J. A. Hobson, Imperialism, 1902
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
26. War and Revolution, 1914-1919
26-1 Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg, Telegram to the German Ambassador at Vienna, July 6, 1914
26-2 Wilfred Owen, Poems: “Dulce et Decorum Est” and “Disabled,” 1917
26-3 Vera Brittain, Testament of Youth, 1933
26-4 Helena Swanwick, The War in Its Effect Upon Women, 1916
26-5 Vladimir I. Lenin, What Is to Be Done?, 1902
| VIEWPOINTS: THE CONDITIONS OF PEACE
| 26-6 Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points, 1918
| 26-7 A Defeated Germany Contemplates the Peace Treaty, 1919
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
27. The Age of Anxiety, ca. 1900-1940
27-1 Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science: God Is Dead, the Victim of Science, 1882
27-2 Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900
27-3 John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace: An Analysis of the Versailles Treaty, 1920
| VIEWPOINTS: THE GREAT DEPRESSION IN EUROPE
| 27-4 Sir Percy Malcolm Stewart, First and Second Reports of the Commissioner for the Special Areas: Parliament Addresses the Great Depression in Britain, 1934
| 27-5 Heinrich Hauser, With the Unemployed in Germany, 1933
27-6 British Beauty, 1926
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
28. Dictatorships and the Second World War, 1919-1945
28-1 Joseph Stalin, An Interview with H. G. Wells: Marxism and Liberalism, July 23, 1934
28-2 Vladimir Tchernavin, I Speak for the Silent: Stalinist Interrogation Techniques Revealed, 1930
| VIEWPOINTS: THE POWER OF PROPAGANDA
| 28-3 Soviet Propaganda Posters, 1941 and 1945
| 28-4 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf: The Art of Propaganda, 1924
28-5 The Nuremberg Laws: The Centerpiece of Nazi Racial Legislation, 1935
28-6 Winston Churchill, Speech Before the House of Commons, June 18, 1940
28-7 Traian Popovici, Mein Bekenntnis: The Ghettoization of the Jews, 1941
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
29. Cold War Conflict and Consensus, 1945-1965
29-1 George C. Marshall, An American Plan to Rebuild a Shattered Europe, June 5, 1947
29-2 Alexander Solzhenitsyn, From One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich: The Stalinist Gulag, 1962
29-3 Generals Leslie Groves and Thomas F. Farrell, Witnesses to the Birth of the Atomic Age, July 18, 1945
| VIEWPOINTS: CRITICISMS OF A “CIVILIZED” EUROPE
| 29-4 Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, 1961
| 29-5 Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex: Existential Feminism, 1949
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
30. Challenging the Postwar Order, 1960-1991
| VIEWPOINTS: REFORMING SOCIALIST SOCIETIES
| 30-1 Solidarity Union, Twenty-One Demands: A Call for Workers' Rights and Freedom in a Socialist State, 1980
| 30-2 Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World, 1987
30-3 Jeff Widener, Tank Man, Tiananmen Square, 1989
30-4 Alex Harvey, “Give My Compliments to the Chef,” 1975
30-5 Vaclav Havel, New Year's Address to the Nation, 1990
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS
31. Europe in the Age of Globalization, 1990 to the Present
31-1 Ko? Annan, The Fall of Srebrenica: An Assessment, 1999
31-2 Amartya Sen, A World Not Neatly Divided, November 23, 2001
| VIEWPOINTS: ENVISIONING THE WORLD TO COME
| 31-3 Tariq Ramadan, Western Muslims and the Future of Islam, 2004
| 31-4 Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man, 1992
31-5 Protesting Globalization, 2001
COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS