Part 1—Understanding Argument
An Introduction to ArgumentRecognizing Arguments Why Instructors Assign Argument [box]Defining Argument What Kinds of Statements are Not Debatable? [box]*Arguments in Real Life*Winning and Losing Arguments
Logos, Pathos, and
Ethos The Appeal to Logic (
logos) *
Logos in Action The Appeal to Emotions (
pathos) *
Pathos in Action The Appeal to Authority (
ethos) *
Ethos in Action*The Rhetorical Triangle*The Audience for Argument
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages1—The Four Pillars of ArgumentAT ISSUE: Is a College Education Worth the Money?The Elements of Argument Thesis Statement Evidence Refutation Concluding Statement Checklist: Does Your Argument Stand Up?
Nia Tuckson, Why Foreign Language Study Should Be Required (student essay)
Arnold Schwarzenegger,
An Immigrant Writes READING AND WRITING ABOUT THE ISSUE: Is a College Education Worth the Money?
*Rodney K. Smith, Yes, a College Education Is Worth the Costs*Marty Nemko, We Send Too Many Students to College*Jennie Le, What Does It Mean to Be a College Grad?*Dale Stephens, College Is a Waste of Time*Naomi Schaefer, Riley, What Is a College Education Really Worth?*Census.gov, Education Impacts Work-Life Earnings Five Times More than Other Demographic Factors, Census Bureau Reports*The Wall Street Journal,
Is a College Education Worth the Money? [graph]Template for Structuring an Argument *
Tony Brummel,
Practical Experience Trumps Fancy Degreese-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epagesPart 2—Reading and Responding to Arguments2—Thinking and Reading CriticallyAT ISSUE: Do Violent Media Images Trigger Violent Behavior?*Thinking Critically Using Critical Thinking Skills [box]Reading Critically Guidelines for Reading Critically [box]Becoming an Active Reader
*Previewing Careful Reading Comprehension Clues [box]
Gerard Jones,
Violent Media is Good for Kid Highlighting
John Leo,
When Life Imitates Video Annotating Checklist: Questions for Annotating
John Leo,
When Life Imitates Video Tim Miley,
Media Violence May Be Real Culprit behind Virginia Tech Tragedy; Patrick Mackin,
Take Aim at Gun Jessica Robbins,
Don’t Withhold Violent Games Writing a Critical Response Checklist: Questions for Critical Reading
Katherine Choi,
Response to "When Life Imitates Video" [student response] Template for Writing a Critical Response
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages3—Decoding Visual ArgumentsAT ISSUE: Do Violent Media Images Trigger Violent Behavior? [continued]Thinking Critically about Visual Arguments Visual Texts Versus Visual Arguments [box]Using Active Reading Strategies with Visual Arguments Comprehension Clues [box] Appeals:
Logos, Pathos, and
Ethos [box] *
TV Made Me Do It [visual]
United States Department of Justice, Crime Victims per 1,000 Citizens (chart) *
Bill Watterson, Graphic Violence in the Media (cartoon)
Distribution of Language, Sex, and Violence Codes in PG-Rated Movies (chart)
Homicides per 100,000 Population (graph) *
Associated Press, Boy With Gun at Arcade (photograph)
*Robert Mankoff, Killing It: Murders in New Yorker
Cartoons (bar graph)
ACT Against Violence,
Media Violence & Children (web site) Highlighting and Annotating Visuals
Grand Theft Auto IV [desktop wallpaper] *
The Top Games of 2011 Include [photograph] Responding Critically to Visual Arguments Checklist: Questions for Responding to Visual Argument
Jason Savona, Response to
Grand Theft Auto IV Wallpaper (student response) Template for Responding to Visual Arguments
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages4—Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisAT ISSUE: Is It Ethical To Buy Counterfeit Designer Merchandise?What Is a Rhetorical Analysis? Overview: "Letter from Birmingham Jail" by Martin Luther King Jr. [box]Considering the Rhetorical Situation Strategies for Analyzing the Rhetorical Situation [box] The Writer Questions for Analyzing the Writer [box] The Writer’s Purpose Questions for Analyzing the Writer’s Purpose [box] The Writer’s Audience Questions for Analyzing the Writer’s Audience [box] The Topic Questions for Analyzing the Topic [box] The Context Questions for Analyzing the Context [box]Considering the Means of Persuasion:
Logos, Pathos, Ethos The Appeal to Logic (
Logos) The Appeal to Emotion (
Pathos) The Appeal to Authority (
Ethos)Considering the Writer’s Rhetorical Strategies Thesis Organization Evidence Stylistic TechniquesAssessing the Argument Checklist: Preparing to Write a Rhetorical AnalysisSample Rhetorical Analysis
Dana Thomas,
Terror's Purse Strings Deniz Bilgutay, A Powerful Call to Action [student essay] Template for Writing a Rhetorical Analysis
Rajeev Ravisankar, Sweatshop Oppression *
Nicholas D. Kristof,
Where Sweatshops are a Dreame-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages5—Understanding Logic and Recognizing FallaciesAT ISSUE: Have Colleges Gone Too Far to Accommodate Students with Disabilities?What is Deductive Reasoning?Constructing Sound Syllogisms Syllogism with an Illogical Middle Term Syllogism with a Key Term Whose Meaning Shifts Syllogisms with Negative PremisesRecognizing Enthymemes Bumper Sticker Thinking (box) Writing Deductive Arguments
Crystal Sanchez,
College Should Be for Everyone [student essay] What is Inductive Reasoning? Reaching Inductive Conclusion [box]Making InferencesConstructing Strong Inductive Arguments Generalization Too Broad Insufficient Evidence Irrelevant Evidence Exceptions to the Rule Writing Inductive Arguments
William Saletan, Please Do Not Feed the Humans Recognizing Logical Fallacies Begging the Question Circular Reasoning Weak Analogy
Hominem Fallacy (Personal Attack) Creating a Straw Man Hasty or Sweeping Generalization (Jumping to a Conclusion) Either/Or Fallacy (False Dilemma) Equivocation Red Herring Slippery Slope You Also (
Tu Quoque) Appeal to Doubtful Authority
Misuse of Statistics
Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc (After This, Therefore Because of This)
Non Sequitur (It Does Not Follow) Bandwagon Appeal (
Ad Populum)
Patrick J. Buchanan,
Immigration Time-Out READING AND WRITING ABOUT THE ISSUE: Have Colleges Gone Too Far to Accommodate Students with Disabilities?
*California Polytechnic State University, College Students with Learning Disabilities;
*University of Minnesota, Do I Have a Disability? *Tamar Lewin, Fictitious Learning-Disabled Student at the Center of a Lawsuit against College *Arne Duncan, Keeping the Promise to All America’s Children *Charlotte Allen, College for the Intellectually Disabled *Melissa Felder, How Yale Supports Students with Disabilities *Rachel Adams, Bringing Down the Barriers—Seen and UnseenTemplate for Writing a Deductive ArgumentTemplate for Writing an Inductive Argument
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages6—Rogerian Argument, Toulmin Logic, and Oral Arguments AT ISSUE: Is Online Education as Good as Classroom Education?Understanding Rogerian ArgumentStructuring Rogerian ArgumentsWriting Rogerian Arguments
*Zoya Kahn, Is it Fair for Instructors to Require Students to Turn off Their Cell Phones in Class? [student essay] Understanding Toulmin LogicConstructing Toulmin ArgumentsWriting Toulmin Arguments
*Jen Davis, Are Cheerleaders Athletes? [student essay]Understanding Oral ArgumentsPlanning an Oral ArgumentDelivering Oral ArgumentsWriting an Oral Argument
Chantee Steele,
An Argument in Support of the "Gap Year" [student speech] READING AND WRITING ABOUT THE ISSUE: Is Online Education as Good as Classroom Education?
*Bill Maxwell, No Short Cuts in Long-Distance Learning *Chris Bustamante, The Risks and Rewards of Online Learning *David Smith, Reliance on Online Materials Hinders Learning Potential for Students *Elena Kadvany, Online Education Needs Connection *John Crisp, Short Distance Learning *Rachel Farhi, Online Education Innovators Should Be Wary *Campus Explorers,
Online School Degree Programs [Web page]
Naugatuck Valley Community College,
Distance Learning [Web page]
Two Views of Online Education [photographs]
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epagesPart 3—Writing an Argumentative Essay7—Planning, Drafting, and Revising an Argumentative Essay AT ISSUE: Should College Campuses Go Green?Choosing a Topic Topics to Avoid [box]Thinking about Your Topic *Freewriting Brainstorming Notes *Clustering Informal OutlineDrafting a Thesis StatementUnderstanding Your Audience*Gathering Evidence *Evaluating Evidence in Your Sources *Detecting Bias in Your Sources*Refuting Opposing Arguments
Revising Your Thesis StatementStructuring Your Essay Supplying Background Information [box] Using Induction and Deduction *Understanding the Aims of Your Argument Constructing a Formal OutlineEstablishing Credibility *Being Well Informed *Being Reasonable Being Fair Maintaining Your Credibility [box]Drafting Your Essay Some Transitions for Argument [box]*GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Using ParallelismRevising Your Essay Asking QuestionsChecklist: Questions about Your Essay’s Structure and StyleChecklist: Questions about Your Essay’s Supporting Evidence *Using Outlines and Templates Getting Feedback Adding VisualsPolishing Your Essay Editing*GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement Proofreading*GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Contractions vs. Possessive Pronouns Choosing a Title *Checking Format
Shawn Holton,
Going Green [student essay]
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epagesPart 4—Using Sources to Support Your Argument8—Finding and Evaluating SourcesAT ISSUE: Do Social-Networking Sites Threaten Our Privacy?Finding Sources Finding Information in the Library Finding Information on the WebEvaluating SourcesEvaluating Print Sources Accuracy Credibility Objectivity Currency Comprehensiveness Authority *
Nicholas Thompson, Bigger Brother: The Exponential Law of Privacy Loss *USA Today, Time To Enact "Do Not Track"
Maria Aspan,
How Sticky Is Membership on Facebook? Just Try Breaking Free Evaluating Web Sites
Accuracy Credibility Objectivity Using a Site’s URL to Assess Objectivity [box] Avoiding Confirmation Bias Currency Comprehensiveness *Authority *
Exceptional Parent,
Home Page [web site]
*
Parade Magazine, Home Page [web site]
*
Exceptional Parent,
Mission Statement [web site]
*
Parade Magazine, Mission Statement [web site] *
Mark Zuckerberg, Our Commitment to the Facebook Community Facebook, Facebook Principles *
Ben Parr, Is Facebook Trying to Kill Privacy? *
Farhad Manjoo, It’s Not All Facebook’s Fault Carolyn Elefant,
Do Employers Using Facebook for Background Checks Face Legal Risks?e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages9—Summarizing, Paraphrasing, Quoting, and Synthesizing SourcesAT ISSUE: Do Social-Networking Sites Threaten Our Privacy (continued)Summarizing Sources When to Summarize [box] Summarizing Sources [box]Paraphrasing Sources When to Paraphrase [box] Paraphrasing Sources [box]Quoting Sources When to Quote [box] Quoting Sources [box]
Alison George,
Things You Wouldn’t Tell Your Mother Working Source Material into Your Argument Using Identifying Tags Template for Using Identifying Tags [box] Working Quotations into Your Sentences Distorting Quotations [box]Synthesizing Sources
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages10—Documenting Sources: MLA Using Parenthetical ReferencesPreparing the Works-Cited List Periodicals *Guidelines for Citing an Article from a Periodical Books *Guidelines for Citing a Book Internet Sources *Guidelines for Citing a Web Site Legal Case Government Document
Erin Blaine,
Should Data Posted on Social Networking Sites Be "Fair Game" for Employers? [Sample MLA Paper]
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages 11—Avoiding PlagiarismAT ISSUE: Where Should We Draw the Line with Plagiarism?Understanding Plagiarism Two Definitions of Plagiarism [box] Using Sources Responsibly Internet Sources and Plagiarism [box] Intentional Plagiarism [box] *
Loos Diallo,
Plagiarism Policy [image] Knowing What to Document
Austin American-Statesman,
Cheaters Never Win Revising to Eliminate PlagiarismREADING AND WRITING ABOUT THE ISSUE: Where Should We Draw the Line with Plagiarism?
Jack Shafer,
Sidebar: Comparing the Copy *
Jack Shafer, Eight Reasons Plagiarism Sucks Lawrence M. Hinman,
How to Fight College Cheating *Trip Gabriel, Plagiarism Lines Blur for Students in Digital Age *Elizabeth Minkel, Too Hard Not
to Cheat in the Internet Age? Richard A. Posner,
The Truth about Plagiarism *Joshua Crawford,
It’s Not All Plagiarism Carolyn Foster Segal,
Copy This Term-Papers-for-Sale Advertisement [web page]
Template for Writing an Argument about Plagiarism Writing Assignments: Avoiding Plagiarism
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epagesPart 5— Strategies for Argument12—Definition Arguments AT ISSUE: Is
Wikipedia a Legitimate Research Source?What is a Definition Argument?Developing Definitions Dictionary Definitions (Formal Definitions) Extended Definitions Operational DefinitionsStructuring a Definition Argument
Adam Kennedy,
Why I Am a Nontraditional Student [student essay] GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Avoiding
Is Where and
Is When *Raina Kelley, They’re Not Role Models *Firefighters at Ground Zero [photograph];
The Tuskegee Airmen [photograph]READING AND WRITING ABOUT THE ISSUE: Is Wikipedia a Legitimate Research Source?
*Timothy Messer-Kruse, The "Undue Weight" of Truth on Wikipedia
John Seigenthaler,
A False Wikipedia
Biography Randall Stross,
Anonymous Source is Not the Same as Open Source *Wikipedia, Wikipedia:
About *Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy,
About the IEP Neil Waters,
Wikiphobia: The Latest in Open Source Stanford Daily, Wikipedia with Caution Wikipedia,
Revision History of "Global Warming" Wikipedia,
Global Warming (differences between two revisions)Template for Writing a Definition ArgumentWriting Assignments: Definition Arguments
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages13—Causal ArgumentsAT ISSUE: Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered?What is a Causal Argument?
Surgeon General’s Warning [photograph]
*In One Year, Guns Murdered [advertisement]
Friends Don’t Let Friends Drive Drunk [advertisement]
*Gun Control Bumper Stickers [photograph] Understanding Cause-and-Effect Relationships Main and Contributory Causes Immediate and Remote Causes Causal Chains Key Words for Causal Argument [box]
Post Hoc Reasoning
Nora Ephron,
The Chicken Soup Chronicles Structuring a Causal Argument
Kristina Mialki,
Texting: A Boon, Not a Threat, to Language [student essay] GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Avoiding "The reason is because"
*Peggy Orenstein, Should the World of Toys Be Gender-Free? READING AND WRITING ABOUT THE ISSUE: Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered?
Amethyst Initiative,
Statement Radley Balko,
Amethyst Initiative’s Debate on Drinking a Welcome Alternative to Fanaticism Bradley R. Gitz,
Save Us from Youth Robert Voas,
There’s No Benefit to Lowering the Drinking Age *Jay Evensen, Lower Drinking Age to Eighteen? Look at Costs *Joyce Alcantara, Keep Drinking Age at Twenty-One:Teens Aren’t Mature Enough to Handle Consequence Andrew Herman,
Raise the Drinking Age to Twenty-Five *Caryn Sullivan, How Best to Balance the Benefits and Responsibilities of Adulthood? *Federal Trade Commission, High School Seniors’ Alcohol Use Declines [graph]
Mothers Against Drunk Driving, 17,000 Killed in Senseless Act [advertisement]
Template for Writing a Causal Argument Writing Assignments: Causal Arguments
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages14—Evaluation ArgumentsAT ISSUE: Are Internships a Good Deal for College Students?What is an Evaluation Argument? Identifying Bias [box] Making Evaluations Criteria for EvaluationStructuring an Evaluation Argument
*Kevin Murphy, Evaluation of a Website: RateMyProfessors.com [student essay]
GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Comparatives and Superlatives
*Vernon R. Wiehe,
Nothing Pretty in Child Pageants READING AND WRITING ABOUT THE ISSUE: Are Internships a Good Deal for College Students?
*Ryan Burkey, In Tough Economic Times, Internships Provide More than Money *Ross Perlin, Unpaid Interns, Complicit Colleges *Anya Kamenetz, Take This Internship and Shove It *John Stossel, Unpaid Interns Are Exploited? *Jennifer Wheary, Only One Option for Young Job Seekers *Danielle Connor, The Real Intern Scandal: Working Without Pay Privileges the Privileged *The Onion, Fill This, Intern [photograph]Template for Writing an Evaluation Argument Writing Assignments: Evaluation Arguments
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages15—Proposal ArgumentsAT ISSUE: Should the Government Do More to Relieve the Student Loan Burden?What is a Proposal Argument?
*PETA, Let Vegetarianism Grow on You [advertisement]Stating the Problem
Sunshineweek.org,
Let the Sunshine In [advertisement] Proposing a SolutionDemonstrating that Your Solution Will WorkEstablishing FeasibilityDiscussing BenefitsRefuting Opposing Arguments
Nyc.gov,
It’s Your City. It’s Your Earth [advertisement] *
Susan Engel, Teach Your Teachers Well Structuring a Proposal Argument
Melissa Burrell, Colleges Need Honor Codes [student essay] GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Will vs. Would
T. Boone Pickens, My Plan to Escape the Grip of Foreign OilREADING AND WRITING ABOUT THE ISSUE: Should the Government Do More to Relieve the Student Loan Burden?
*Jesse Jackson, We Bail out Banks, but Not Desperate Students *Student Debt Crisis Solution (visual)
*Richard Vedder, Forgive Student Loans? *Mark Kantrowitz, Five Myths about Student Loans *Kevin Carey, The U.S. Should Adopt Income-Based Loans Now *Mary Kate Cary, Why the Government Is to Blame for Higher College Costs *Robert Zaller, Higher Education’s Coming CrisisTemplate for Writing a Proposal Argument Writing Assignments: Proposal Arguments
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages16—Argument by Analogy AT ISSUE: Should College Athletes Be Paid?What is Analogy? Key Words for Analogy [box]What is Argument by Analogy? Avoiding Weak Analogies [box]Favorable and Unfavorable AnalogiesStructuring an Argument by Analogy
Anthony Luu, Does Separate Housing for Minority Students Make Sense? [student essay] GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Using
Like and
As *Billy Beane, Newt Gingrich, and John Kerry, How to Take American Health Care from Worst to First READING AND WRITING ABOUT THE ISSUE: Should College Athletes Be Paid?
*David Brooks, The Amateur Idea *Los Angeles Times, College Sports: Boola Boola vs. Moola Moola *Kristi Dosh, The Problems with Paying College Athletes *Mark Cassell, College Athletes Should Be Able to Negotiate Compensation *Allen Sack, Should College Athletes Be Paid?Template for Writing An Argument by Analogy Writing Assignments: Argument by Analogy
e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages17—Ethical ArgumentsAT ISSUE: How Far Should Colleges Go to Keep Campuses Safe?What is an Ethical Argument?Stating an Ethical PrincipalEthics versus LawUnderstanding Ethical Dilemmas
Treadlighly.org,
Ride Hard, Tread Lightly [advertisement]
Human Meat [photograph]
Linda Pastan,
Ethics [poem]
Structuring an Ethical Argument
Chris Munoz, Are Colleges Doing Enough for Nontraditional Students? [student essay] GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Subordination and Coordination
*Elie Wiesel, The Perils of Indifference READING AND WRITING ABOUT THE ISSUE: How Far Should Colleges Go to Keep Campuses Safe?
Brett A. Sokolow,
How Not to Respond to Virginia Tech – II Jesus M. Villahermosa Jr.,
Guns Don’t Belong in the Hands of Administrators, Professors, or Students Timothy Wheeler,
There’s a Reason They Choose Schools Isothermal Community College,
Warning Signs: How You Can Help Prevent Campus Violence Amy Dion, Gone But Not Forgotten Template for Writing an Ethical Argument Writing Assignments: Ethical Arguments
*Part 5 Review: Combining Argumentative Strategies
*Anthony Prieto,
Get the Lead Out of Hunting *Peter B. Bach and Robert Kocher,
Why Medical School Should Be Freee-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epagesPart 6—Debates, Casebooks, and Classic ArgumentsDEBATES18—Should "Study Drugs" Be Banned? *David Alpert, Change Honor Codes to Include Abuse of Non-Prescription Drugs *Matt Lamkin, A Ban on Brain-Boosting Drugs Is Not the Answer19—Should Controversial Sports Mascots Be Replaced? *Jack Shakeley, Indian Mascots—You’re Out *Mark Hyman, So Sioux Me20—Should the Names of Sex Offenders Continue to Be Made Public? *The Economist, America’s Unjust Sex Laws *Rick Schneider,
Protect Yourself, Family from Sex Offenders21—Do the Benefits of Bottled Water Outweigh the Costs? Tom Standage, Bad to the Last Drop *Thomas J. Lauria, In Defense of Bottled WaterCASEBOOKS22—Should Every American Go to College? Robert T. Perry,
On "Real Education" Margaret A. Miller,
The Privileges of the Parents Charles Murray,
What's Wrong with Vocational School? Pharinet,
Is College for Everyone? 23—Should We Eat Meat? Laura Fraser, Why I Stopped Being A Vegetarian Jonathan Safran Foer, Let Them Eat Dog *Nicolette Hahn Niman, The Carnivore’s Dilemma *Laurel Gladden, The Ethical Epicure: Another Look at Meat 24—Is America Safer Now than Before 9/11? *Omar Ashmawy, Ten Years after 9/11, We’re Still in the Dark *Rudy Giuliani, Address on Tenth Anniversary of 9/11 *Eric Holder, Janet Napolitano, and James Clapper, We’re Safer Post 9/11 *Charles C. Mann, Smoke Screening25—Is the Glass Ceiling a Myth or a Reality? *Susan M. Kochanowski, Women in Leadership: Persistent Problems or Progress? *Jessica Bennet, Jesse Ellison, and Sarah Bell, Are We There Yet? *Marty Nemko, The Real Reason So Few Women Are in the Boardroom *Lisa Quast, Debunking Myths Of Gender Equality26—Does the U.S. Need a Federal "DREAM Act"? *The Economist, The Message the DREAM Act Sends
*Mark Krikorian, DREAM On *Michelle Malkin, Harry Reid’s Illegal Alien Student Bailout *Marshall Fitz,
Myth vs. Fact: The Dream Acte-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epages27—CLASSIC ARGUMENTS Plato,
The Allegory of the Cave Andrew Marvell,
To His Coy Mistress Jonathan Swift,
A Modest Proposal Thomas Jefferson,
The Declaration of Independence *Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address Elizabeth Cady Stanton,
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions *George Orwell, Politics and the English Language Rachel Carson,
The Obligation to Endure *Betty Friedan, The Importance of Work Martin Luther King Jr.,
Letter from Birmingham Jail *James Baldwin, If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is It? e-Pages Comprehension quizzes at
bedfordstmartins.com/practicalargument/epagesAppendix A—Writing Literary ArgumentsWhat is Literary Argument?Stating an Argumentative ThesisChoosing EvidenceWriting a Literary Argument
Megan McGovern, Confessions of a Misunderstood Poem: An Analysis of "The Road Not Taken" [student essay]
Loren Martinez, Not Just a "Girl"[student essay]
Appendix B—Documenting Sources: APAUsing Parenthetical ReferencesPreparing a Reference ListExamples of APA Citations Periodicals Books Internet SourcesStudent Essay
Deniz Bilgutay,
The High Cost of Cheap Counterfeit Goods (Sample APA Paper)Index