Foreword
Preface
List of Illustrations
Chronology of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Introduction: Jefferson's Designs and Western Realities
The Louisiana Purchase
The Politics of the Purchase
Timing the Expedition
Encounters with Native Americans
Encounters with Geography
The Route of the Expedition
Jefferson's Plan
President Jefferson's Secret Message to Congress, Washington, January 18, 1803
Jefferson's Instructions to Lewis, Washington, June 20, 1803
The Louisiana Affair
Jefferson to Lewis, Washington, July 15, 1803
Jefferson to Lewis, Washington, November 16, 1803
Jefferson to Lewis, Washington, January 22, 1804
1. The Two Captains
Clark Joins the Expedition
Lewis Invites Clark to Join Him, Washington, June 19, 1803
Clark Accepts Lewis's Invitation, Clarksville, July 17, 1803
Resourceful and Prudent Lewis
Yellowstone to Musselshell, Lewis, May 14, 1805
Beaverhead to Great Divide, Lewis, August 16, 1805
Lewis's Exploration, Lewis, August 11, 1806
Meticulous and Helpful Clark
Dubois to Platte, Clark, July 12, 1804
Great Falls Portage, Clark, June 29, 1805
On the Upper Kooskooske, Lewis, May 24, 1806--Lewis, May 27, 1806--Clark, May 28, 1806
2. Forging the Corps of Discovery
Adapting Army Routine
Dubois to Platte, Lewis, February 20, 1804--Lewis, March 3, 1804
At Fort Clatsop, Lewis, January 1, 1806
Instilling Discipline
Dubois to Platte, Lewis and Clark, July 12, 1804
Platte to Vermilion, Clark, August 17, 1804--Clark, August 18, 1804
Teton to Mandans, Clark and Lewis, October 13, 1804--Clark, October 14, 1804
Dealing with Traders
At Fort Mandan, Clark, October 31, 1804--Clark, November 1, 1804--Clark, November 27, 1804--Clark, November 29, 1804--Clark, March 4, 1805
Clark's Exploration, Clark, August 11, 1806
Little Missouri to White, Clark, August 14, 1806
Shipment to St. Louis
Lewis to Jefferson, Fort Mandan, April 7, 1805
York's Contributions
Teton to Mandans, Clark, October 9, 1804
Beaverhead to Great Divide, Lewis, August 16, 1805
On the Upper Kooske, Lewis, June 2, 1806
Sacagawea's Crucial Role
At Fort Mandan, Lewis, February 11, 1805
Marias to Great Falls, Lewis, June 16, 1805
Great Falls to Three Forks, Lewis, July 22, 1805
Three Forks to Beaverhead, Lewis, July 28, 1805--Lewis, July 30, 1805
Crossing the Divide, Lewis, August 17, 1805-Lewis, August 19, 1805
Seeking Western Waters, Clark, October 19, 1805
At Fort Clatsop, Lewis, January 6, 1806
Dalles to Walla Walla, Clark, April 28, 1806
Little Missouri to White, Clark, August 17, 1806
More Than Just a Name
Vermilion to Teton, Clark, September 11, 1804
Marias to Great Falls, Lewis, June 9, 1805--Clark, June 9, 1805
Lewis's Exploration, Lewis, July 15, 1806
Festive Occasions Tighten Bonds
At Fort Mandan, Clark, December 25, 1804--Clark, January 1, 1805
Great Falls Portage, Lewis, July 4, 1805
At Fort Clatsop, Clark, December 25, 1805--Lewis, January 1, 1806
The Captains as Medics
Dubois to Platte, Clark, July 20, 1804
At Fort Mandan, Clark, November 29, 1804
On the Upper Kooskooske, Lewis, May 24, 1806
3. The Challenge of the Continent
The Mighty Missouri
Dubois to Platte, Clark, May 24, 1804
Vermilion to Teton, Clark, September 21, 1804
Musselshell to Marias, Lewis, May 31, 1805
The Cold Winter of 1804
At Fort Mandan, Clark, December 8, 1804--Clark, December 10, 1804--Clark, December 11, 1804--Clark, December 12, 1804--Lewis, February 3, 1805--Clark, February 26, 1805
The Riddle of the Marias River
Musselshell to Marias, Lewis, June 3, 1805
Marias to Great Falls, Lewis, June 8, 1805--Lewis, June 9, 1805
At Last--The Great Falls
Marias to Great Falls, Lewis, June 13, 1805--Lewis, June 17, 1805
Great Falls Portage, Lewis, June 22, 1805--Clark, June 27, 1805--Clark, June 29, 1805--Lewis, July 3, 1805
Searching for the Source of the Missouri
Great Falls to Three Forks, Lewis, July 27, 1805
Beaverhead to Great Divide, Lewis, August 12, 1805
Crossing the Rocky Mountains
Seeking Western Waters, Clark, August 23, 1805
The Lolo Trail, Clark, September 13, 1805--Clark, September 14, 1805--Clark, September 15, 1805--Clark, September 16, 1805--Clark, September 18, 1805--Lewis, September 19, 1805--Clark, September 20, 1805--Lewis, September 22, 1805--Clark, September 26, 1805--Clark, September 27, 1805--Clark, October 6, 1805
The Soggy Winter of 1805
Passing the Falls of the Columbia, Clark, October 23, 1805
Descending the Columbia, Clark, November 17, 1805
The First View of the Pacific, Clark, November 18, 1805
Winter Quarters, Clark, December 30, 1805--Lewis, January 5, 1806--Lewis, January 10, 1806--Clark, March 3, 1806
Homeward Bound
In the Mountains, Clark, June 17, 1806--Lewis, June 21, 1806--Lewis, June 23, 1806--Lewis, June 25, 1806--Lewis, June 26, 1806--Clark, June 27, 1806--Lewis, June 29, 1806, Lewis, June 30, 1806
4. Encounters with Native Americans
The "Great Father"
Clark's Exploration, Clark, Speech Prepared for the Yellowstone (Crow) Indians, 1806
Relations with the Shoshoni
Beaverhead to Great Divide, Lewis, August 11, 1805--Lewis, August 13, 1805--Lewis, August 14, 1805--Lewis, August 15, 1805
Among the Shoshoni, Lewis, August 17, 1805--Lewis, August 20, 1805
Seeking Western Waters, Lewis, August 26, 1805
Councils and Failed Attempts at Peacekeeping
Vermilion to Teton, Clark, August 30, 1804--Clark, August 31, 1804
With the Mandan, Clark, October 29, 1804--Lewis, February 8, 1805
Mandan Revisited, Clark, August 14, 1806--Clark, August 15, 1806
Seeking Knowledge and Guides
At Fort Mandan, Clark, January7, 1805
At Fort Clatsop, Lewis, February 14, 1806
In the Mountains, Lewis, June 27, 1806--Clark, July 1, 1806
Treating Sick Indians
At Fort Mandan, Clark, December 21, 1804--Clark, January 10, 1805--Clark, January 27, 1805
Dalles to Walla Walla, Clark April 18, 1806--Clark, April 28, 1806
Walla Walla to Lawyers, Clark, May 5, 1806--Lewis, May 6, 1806--Clark, May 12, 1806
On the Upper Kooskooske, Lewis, May 23, 1806
The Buffalo Dance
At Fort Mandan, Clark, January 5, 1805
Sexual Relations with Native American Women
Teton to Mandans, Clark, October 12, 1804--Clark, October 15, 1804
At Fort Mandan, Clark, November 22, 1804--Clark, December 21, 1804--Clark, March 31, 1805
Crossing the Divide, Lewis, August 19, 1805
At Fort Clatsop, Lewis, January 26, 1806--Lewis, March 15, 1806--Lewis, March 17, 1806
In the Mountains, Lewis, July 2, 1806
Trouble with the Teton Sioux
Teton to Mandans, Clark, September 25, 1804--Clark, September 26, 1804--Clark, September 27, 1804
Little Missouri to White, Clark, August 30, 1806
The Home Stretch, Clark, September 1, 1806
Fighting a Group of Piegan
Lewis's Exploration, Lewis, July 26, 1806--Lewis, July 27, 1806--Lewis, July 28, 1806
5. Flora, Fauna, and Natural Wonders along the Trail
Buffalo and Antelope
Musselshell to Marias, Lewis, May 29, 1805
Vermilion to Teton, Lewis, September 17, 1804
Grizzly Bears
Yellowstone to Musselshell, Lewis, April 29, 1805--Lewis, May 5, 1805--Lewis, May 11, 1805
Marias to Great Falls, Lewis, June 14, 1805
On the Upper Kooskooske, Lewis, May 31, 1806
The California Condor and the Western Tanager
At Fort Clatsop, Clark, February 16, 1806
On the Upper Kooskooske, Lewis, June 6, 1806
Salmon and Red Char
At Fort Clatsop, Lewis, March 13, 1806
Lewis's Trio of Pests
Great Falls to Three Forks, Lewis, July 24,1805
Descending the Columbia, Clark, October 23, 1805
At Fort Clatsop, Lewis, January 2, 1806
Clark's Exploration, Clark, August 4, 1806
A Shipment of Specimens
Lewis to Jeferson, Fort Mandan, April 7, 1805
Invoice of Articles Forwarded to Jefferson from Fort Mandan, April 7, 1805
Clarkia Pulchella
On the Upper Kooskooske, Lewis, June 1, 1806
The White Cliffs and Great Falls
Musselshell to Marias, Lewis, May 31, 1805
Marias to Great Falls, Lewis, June 13, 1805-Lewis, June 14, 1805
Epilogue: The Legacy of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
APPENDICES
Questions for Consideration
Suggestions for Further Reading
Index