CHAPTER 1 Writing and College SuccessHOW WRITING CAN HELP YOU SUCCEEDSTRATEGIES FOR COLLEGE SUCCESSa Orientation Strategiesb First-Week Strategiesc Day-to-Day Strategiesd Time-Management Strategiese Note-Taking Strategies During Class After Class Before the Next Classf Homework Strategiesg Taking In-Class Essay Exams Before the Exam During the Exam A Sample In-Class Examh Taking Standardized Assessment Tests Dealing with Anxiety Preparing for Standardized Tests Tips for Multiple-Choice QuestionsTips for Essay Questionsi Strategies for Maintaining Academic Honestyj Strategies for Staying Safe on CampusWRITING PARAGRAPHS AND ESSAYSUNIT 1 Focus on Paragraphs CHAPTER 2 Understanding the Writing Process STEP 1: PLANNINGa Focusing on Your Assignment, Purpose, and Audience b Finding Ideas to Write About Freewriting Brainstorming Clustering Keeping a Journalc Identifying Your Main Idea and Writing a Topic Sentence STEP 2: ORGANIZINGd Choosing Supporting Pointse Developing Supporting Points f Making an OutlineSTEP 3: DRAFTING g Drafting Your Paragraph STEP 4: TESTingh TESTing Your Paragraph STEP 5: REVISING AND EDITINGi Revising Your ParagraphSelf-Assessment Checklist: Revising Your Paragraph j Editing Your ParagraphSelf-Assessment Checklist: Editing Your Paragraph Review Checklist: Writing a ParagraphCHAPTER 3 TESTing Your Paragraphsa TESTing for a Topic Sentence b TESTing for Evidence c TESTing for a Summary Statementd TESTing for Transitions Chapter ReviewReview Checklist: TESTing Your ParagraphsUNIT 2 Patterns of Paragraph Development CHAPTER 4 Exemplification a Exemplification Paragraphs Paragraph Map: Exemplification Model Paragraph: Exemplification Transitions in Exemplification Paragraphs Analyzing an Exemplification Paragraphb Case Study: A Student Writes an Exemplification ParagraphTESTing an Exemplification Paragraph c Writing about VisualsCHAPTER 5 Narration a Narrative Paragraphs Paragraph Map: Narration Model Paragraph: Narration Transitions in Narrative Paragraphs Analyzing a Narrative Paragraphb Case Study: A Student Writes a Narrative ParagraphTESTing a Narrative Paragraph c Writing about VisualsCHAPTER 6 Description a Descriptive Paragraphs Paragraph Map: Description Model Paragraph: Description Transitions in Descriptive Paragraphs Analyzing a Descriptive Paragraphb Case Study: A Student Writes a Descriptive ParagraphTESTing a Descriptive Paragraph c Writing about VisualsCHAPTER 7 Processa Process Paragraphs Paragraph Map: Process Model Paragraph: Process Explanations Model Paragraph: Instructions Transitions in Process Paragraphs Analyzing a Process Paragraphb Case Study: A Student Writes a Process ParagraphTESTing a Process Paragraph c Writing about VisualsCHAPTER 8 Cause and Effecta Cause-and-Effect Paragraphs Paragraph Map: Cause-and-Effect Model Paragraph: Causes Model Paragraph: Effects Transitions in Cause-and-Effect Paragraphs Analyzing a Cause-and-Effect Paragraphb Case Study: A Student Writes a Cause-and-Effect ParagraphTESTing a Cause-and-Effect Paragraph c Writing about VisualsCHAPTER 9 Comparison and Contrasta Comparison-and-Contrast Paragraphs SUBJECT-BY-SUBJECT COMPARISONS Paragraph Map: Subject-by-Subject Comparison Model Paragraph: Subject-by-Subject Comparison POINT-BY-POINT COMPARISONS Paragraph Map: Point-by-Point Comparison Model Paragraph: Point-by-Point Comparison Transitions in Comparison-and-Contrast Paragraphs Analyzing a Comparison-and-Contrast Paragraphb Case Study: A Student Writes a Comparison-and-Contrast ParagraphTESTing a Comparison-and-Contrast Paragraph c Writing about VisualsCHAPTER 10 Classification a Classification Paragraphs Paragraph Map: Classification Model Paragraph: Classification Transitions in Classification Paragraphs Analyzing a Classification Paragraphb Case Study: A Student Writes a Classification ParagraphTESTing a Classification Paragraph c Writing about VisualsCHAPTER 11 Definition a Definition Paragraphs Paragraph Map: Definition Model Paragraph: Definition Transitions in Definition Paragraphs Analyzing a Definition Paragraphb Case Study: A Student Writes a Definition ParagraphTESTing a Definition Paragraph c Writing about VisualsCHAPTER 12 Argumenta Argument Paragraphs Paragraph Map: Argument Model Paragraph: Argument Transitions in Argument Paragraphs Analyzing an Argument Paragraphb Case Study: A Student Writes an Argument ParagraphTESTing an Argument Paragraph c Writing about VisualsUNIT 3 Focus on Essays CHAPTER 13 Writing an EssaySTEP 1: PLANNINGa Understanding Essay Structure b Moving from Assignment to Topicc Finding Ideas to Write About Freewriting Brainstorming Keeping a Journald Stating Your Thesis STEP 2: ORGANIZINGe Choosing Supporting Points f Making an Outline STEP 3: DRAFTINGg Drafting Your Essay STEP 4: TESTingh TESTing Your Essay STEP 5: REVISING AND EDITINGi Revising Your EssaySelf-Assessment Checklist: Revising Your Essay j Editing Your Essay Self-Assessment Checklist: Editing Your Essay k Checking Your Essay’s FormatChapter Review Review Checklist: Writing an EssayCHAPTER 14 TESTing Your Essaysa TESTing for a Thesis Introductionb TESTing for Evidence Body Paragraphsc TESTing for a Summary Statement Conclusiond TESTing for Transitions Thesis and Body Paragraphse Putting It TogetherChapter Review Review Checklist: TESTing Your Essays CHAPTER 15 Introductions and Conclusionsa Introductions Beginning with a Narrative Beginning with a Question (or a Series of Questions) Beginning with a Definition Beginning with a Quotation Beginning with a Surprising Statementb Conclusions Concluding with a Narrative Concluding with a Recommendation Concluding with a Quotation Concluding with a PredictionChapter Review Review Checklist: Introductions and Conclusions CHAPTER 16 Patterns of Essay Development a Exemplification Essays Moving from Assignment to Thesis Organizing an Exemplification Essay Transitions in Exemplification EssaysCase Study: A Student Writes an Exemplification EssayStep-by-Step Guide: Writing an Exemplification EssayTESTing an Exemplification Essayb Narrative Essays Moving from Assignment to Thesis Organizing a Narrative Essay Transitions in Narrative EssaysCase Study: A Student Writes a Narrative EssayStep-by-Step Guide: Writing a Narrative EssayTESTing a Narrative Essayc Descriptive Essays Moving from Assignment to Thesis Organizing a Descriptive Essay Transitions in Descriptive EssaysCase Study: A Student Writes a Descriptive EssayStep-by-Step Guide: Writing a Descriptive EssayTESTing a Descriptive Essayd Process Essays Moving from Assignment to Thesis Organizing a Process Essay Transitions in Process EssaysCase Study: A Student Writes a Process EssayStep-by-Step Guide: Writing a Process EssayTESTing a Process Essaye Cause-and-Effect Essays Moving from Assignment to Thesis Organizing a Cause-and-Effect Essay Transitions in Cause-and-Effect EssaysCase Study: A Student Writes a Cause-and-Effect EssayStep-by-Step Guide: Writing a Cause-and-Effect EssayTESTing a Cause-and-Effect Essayf Comparison-and-Contrast Essays Moving from Assignment to Thesis Organizing a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay Transitions in Comparison-and-Contrast EssaysCase Study: A Student Writes a Comparison-and-Contrast EssayStep-by-Step Guide: Writing a Comparison-and-Contrast EssayTESTing a Comparison-and-Contrast Essayg Classification Essays Moving from Assignment to Thesis Organizing a Classification Essay Transitions in Classification EssaysCase Study: A Student Writes a Classification EssayStep-by-Step Guide: Writing a Classification EssayTESTing a Classification Essayh Definition Essays Moving from Assignment to Thesis Organizing a Definition Essay Transitions in Definition EssaysCase Study: A Student Writes a Definition EssayStep-by-Step Guide: Writing a Definition EssayTESTing a Definition Essayi Argument Essays Moving from Assignment to Thesis Organizing an Argument Essay Transitions in Argument EssaysCase Study: A Student Writes an Argument EssayStep-by-Step Guide: Writing an Argument EssayTESTing an Argument EssayChapter ReviewReview Checklist: Patterns of Essay DevelopmentUNIT 4 ResearchCHAPTER 17 Writing a Research Papera Choosing a Topicb Doing Research Finding Information in the Library Finding Information on the Internet Evaluating Sourcesc Taking Notes Paraphrasing Summarizing Quoting Working Sources into Your Writing Synthesizingd Watching Out for Plagiarisme Developing a Thesisf Making an Outlineg Writing Your Paperh Documenting Your Sources Parenthetical References in the Text The Works-Cited List Sample MLA-Style PaperChapter ReviewREVISING AND EDITING YOUR WRITING UNIT 5 Writing Effective Sentences Chapter 18 Writing Simple Sentences a Subjects b Prepositional Phrases c Verbs Chapter Review Review Checklist: Writing Simple SentencesChapter 19 Writing Compound Sentencesa Using Coordinating Conjunctions b Using Semicolons c Using Transitional Words and Phrases Chapter Review Review Checklist: Writing Compound SentencesChapter 20 Writing Complex Sentences a Identifying Complex Sentences b Using Subordinating Conjunctions c Using Relative Pronouns Chapter Review Review Checklist: Writing Complex SentencesChapter 21 Writing Varied Sentences a Varying Sentence Types b Varying Sentence Openings c Combining Sentences d Mixing Long and Short Sentences Chapter Review Review Checklist: Writing Varied SentencesChapter 22 Using Parallelism a Recognizing Parallel Structure b Using Parallel StructureChapter Review Review Checklist: Using ParallelismChapter 23 Using Words Effectivelya Using Specific Words b Using Concise Language c Avoiding Slang d Avoiding Clichés e Using Similes and Metaphors f Avoiding Sexist Language g Commonly Confused WordsChapter Review Review Checklist: Using Words Effectively Unit Review UNIT 6 Solving Common Sentence ProblemsChapter 24 Run-Ons a Recognizing Run-Ons b Correcting Run-Ons Chapter Review Review Checklist: Run-Ons Chapter 25 Fragments a Recognizing Fragments b Missing-Subject Fragments c Phrase Fragments d -ing Fragments e Dependent Clause Fragments Chapter Review Review Checklist: FragmentsChapter 26 Subject-Verb Agreement a Understanding Subject-Verb Agreement b Compound Subjects c Be, Have, and Do d Words between Subject and Verb e Collective Noun Subjects f Indefinite Pronoun Subjects g Verbs before Subjects Chapter Review Review Checklist: Subject-Verb Agreement Chapter 27 Illogical Shifts a Shifts in Tense b Shifts in Person c Shifts in Voice Chapter Review Review Checklist: Illogical ShiftsChapter 28 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers a Correcting Misplaced Modifiers b Correcting Dangling Modifiers Chapter Review Review Checklist: Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers Unit Review UNIT 7 Understanding Basic Grammar Chapter 29 Verbs: Past Tense a Regular Verbs b Irregular Verbs c Problem Verbs: Be d Problem Verbs: Can/Could and Will/Would Chapter Review Review Checklist: Verbs: Past TenseChapter 30 Verbs: Past Participles a Regular Past Participles b Irregular Past Participles c The Present Perfect Tense d The Past Perfect Tense e Past Participles as Adjectives Chapter Review Review Checklist: Verbs: Past ParticiplesChapter 31 Nouns and Pronouns a Identifying Nouns b Forming Plural Nouns c Identifying Pronouns d Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement e Special Problems with Agreement f Vague and Unnecessary Pronounsg Pronoun Case h Special Problems with Pronoun Casei Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns Chapter Review Review Checklist: Nouns and PronounsChapter 32 Adjectives and Adverbs a Identifying Adjectives and Adverbs b Comparatives and Superlatives Chapter Review Review Checklist: Adjectives and AdverbsChapter 33 Grammar and Usage for ESL Writers a Subjects in Sentences b Plural Nouns c Count and Noncount Nouns d Determiners with Count and Noncount Nouns e Articles f Negative Statements and Questions g Verb Tense h Stative Verbs i Modal Auxiliaries j Gerunds k Placing Modifiers in Order l Choosing Prepositions m Prepositions in Familiar Expressions n Prepositions in Phrasal Verbs Chapter Review Review Checklist: Grammar and Usage for ESL Writers Unit ReviewUNIT 8 Understanding Punctuation and Mechanics Chapter 34 Using Commas a Commas in a Series b Commas with Introductory Phrases and Transitional Words and Phrases c Commas with Appositives d Commas with Nonrestrictive Clauses e Commas in Dates and Addresses f Unnecessary Commas Chapter Review Review Checklist: Using CommasChapter 35 Using Apostrophes a Apostrophes in Contractions b Apostrophes in Possessives c Incorrect Use of Apostrophes Chapter Review Review Checklist: Using ApostrophesChapter 36 Understanding Mechanics a Capitalizing Proper Nouns b Punctuating Direct Quotations c Setting Off Titles d Hyphense Abbreviationsf Numbersg Using Minor Punctuation Marks Chapter Review Review Checklist: Understanding Mechanics BECOMING A CRITICAL READER Unit 9 Reading Essays Chapter 37 Reading Critically a Previewing b Highlighting c Annotating d Outlining e Summarizing f Writing a Response Paragraph g Reading in the Classroom, in the Community, and in the Workplace Reading Textbooks Reading News Articles Reading on the JobReview Checklist: Reading CriticallyChapter 38 Readings for Writers a Exemplification"The Case for Short Words," Richard Lederer "Around the World, Women Are on the Move," Richard Rodriguez b Narration"The Sanctuary of School," Lynda Barry "My Half-Baked Bubble," Joshuah Bearman c Description"Rice," Jhumpa Lahiri "A Fable for Tomorrow," Rachel Carson d Process"How to Mummify a Pharaoh," Adam Goodheart "My Grandmother’s Dumpling," Amy Ma e Cause and Effect"How Facebook Is Making Friending Obsolete," Julia Angwin "The Seat Not Taken," John Edgar Wideman f Comparison and Contrast"The Twin Revolutions of Lincoln and Darwin," Steven Conn "Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus," John Gray g Classification"The Men We Carry in Our Minds," Scott Russell Sanders "The Dog Ate My Flash Drive, and Other Tales of Woe," Carolyn Foster Segal h Definition"Quinceañera," Julia Alvarez "I Want a Wife," Judy Brady i Argument"In Praise of the F Word," Mary Sherry "Dnt Txt N Drv," Oprah Winfrey "The Guns of Academe," Adam Winkler