Preface
PART ONE The Creation of American Society, 1450-1763
Chapter 1. The New Global World, 1400-1620
The Native American Experience
1-1 Indian and Non-Indian Population Charts (1492-1980)
1-2 Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico (1517-1521)
1-3 Hernán Cortés, Cortés and the Requerimiento (1519-1521)
1-4 Pierre de Charlevoix, The Role of Women in Huron Society (1721)
Tradition-Bound Europe
1-5 Sir Thomas More, Utopia (1516)
1-6 John Hales, Objections Against Enclosure (1548)
Europeans Create a Global World, 1450-1600
1-7 Bartolomé de las Casas, Columbus's Landfall (1552)
1-8 Father Pierre Biard, Indian Populations of New France (1611)
1-9 Paul Le Jeune, On the Means of Converting the Savages (1634)
1-10 Gomes Eannes de Azurara, Prince Henry and the Slave Trade (1444)
The Rise of Protestant England, 1500-1620
1-11 Thomas Harriot, A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia (1588)
1-12 John White and Theodor de Bry, Images of Native Americans from Roanoke Island (1585, 1590)
Chapter 2. The Invasion and Settlement of North America, 1550-1700
Rival Imperial Models: Spain, France, and Holland
2-1 Bartolomé de las Casas, History of the Indies (1552)
2-2 John Smith, A True Relation of Virginia (1608)
2-3 Pocahontas and John Smith (1624)
The English Arrive in the Chesapeake
2-4 Bound for America (1635)
2-5 Notes on Indentured Servitude in Virginia (1640)
Puritan New England
2-6 Puritan Family Law: The Case of John Porter, Jr. ((1646, 1664)
2-7 The Examination of Anne Hutchinson (1637)
2-8 Last Will and Testament of Robert Keayne (1653)
2-9 Cotton Mather, A Colonial Family's Ordeal (1713)
The Eastern Indians' New World
2-10 John Winthrop, But What Warrant Have We to Take that Land? (1629)
2-11 John Underhill, Puritan Attack on the Pequots at Mystic River (1637)
Chapter 3. Creating a British Empire in America, 1660-1750
The Politics of Empire, 1660-1713
3-1 The Navigation Act of 1660
3-2 Thomas Danforth, The Glorious Revolution in Massachusetts (1689)
The Imperial Slave Economy
3-3 Thomas Phillips, A Journal of a Voyage Made in the Hannibal (1693-1694)
3-4 Slavery and Prejudice: An Act for the Better Order and Government of Negroes and Slaves, South Carolina (1712)
3-5 Conflicts between Masters and Slaves: Maryland in the Mid-Seventeenth Century (1658)
3-6 Robert Beverley, Servants and Slaves in Virginia (1705)
3-7 William Byrd II, The Secret Diary of William Byrd II (1709-1711)
3-8 Ayubah Suleiman Diallo, An Early Slave Narrative (1734)
The New Politics of Empire, 1713-1750
3-9 Martin Bladen, A Plantation Parliament (1739)
3-10 Stono Rebellion in South Carolina (1739)
Chapter 4. Growth and Crisis in Colonial Society, 1720-1765
New England's Freehold Society
4-1 Nicholas Dudley, A New Hampshire Will (1763)
4-2 Benjamin Wadsworth, The Obligations of a Wife (1712)
Toward a New Society: The Middle Colonies, 1720-1765
4-3 J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur, What Is An American? (1782)
4-4 Daniel Horsmanden, New York Slave Conspiracy Trials (1741)
4-5 Job Johnson, Letter from a Scots-Irish Immigrant (1767)
4-6 An Abolitionist in Pennsylvania in the 1730s
The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 1720-1765
4-7 Benjamin Franklin, On Education During the American Enlightenment (1749)
4-8 Jonathan Edwards, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (1741)
4-9 Charles Woodmason, Fighting Revivalism in the Carolina Backcountry (1768)
The Midcentury Challenge: War, Trade, and Social Conflict, 1750-1765
4-10 Christian Frederick Post, Negotiating Peace with the Ohio Indians (1758)
4-11 Olaudah Equiano, Middle Passage (c. 1754)
PART TWO The New Republic, 1763-1820
Chapter 5. Toward Independence: Years of Decision, 1763-1776
Imperial Reform, 1763-1765
5-1 James Otis, Jr., Rights of the Colonies Asserted and Proved (1764)
5-2 Thomas Whatley, Virtual Representation (1765)
5-3 Declarations of the Stamp Act Congress (1765)
The Dynamics of Rebellion, 1765-1770
5-4 Francis Bernard, The Stamp Act Riot (1765)
5-5 The Examination of Benjamin Franklin (1766)
5-6 John Dickinson, Letter VII from a Farmer (1768)
5-7 The Boycott Agreements of Women in Boston (1770)
5-8 Peter Oliver, Origin and Progress of the American Rebellion (1780s)
5-9 Captain Thomas Preston, An Account of the Boston Massacre (1770)
The Road to Independence, 1771-1776
5-10 George R. T. Hewes, An Account of the Boston Tea Party of 1773
5-11 Philip Dawe, A British View of Rebellion in Boston (1774)
5-12 Thomas Jefferson, A Summary View of the Rights of British America (1774)
5-13 Two Perspectives on Female Patriotism (1774 and 1775)
5-14 Joseph Galloway, A Plan of Union (1774)
5-15 On the Disturbances in America (1775)
Chapter 6. Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789
The Trials of War, 1776-1778
6-1 Governeur Morris, The Poor Reptiles (1774)
6-2 Lord Dunmore, A Proclamation (1775)
6-3 Samuel Johnson, On Liberty and Slavery (1775)
6-4 Continental Congress to the Iroquois Confederacy (1775)
6-5 Thomas Paine, The American Crisis, Number I (December 1776)
The Path to Victory, 1778-1783
6-6 Joseph Plumb Martin, Mutiny in the Continental Army (1780)
6-7 Sarah Osborn, An Account of Life with the Army (1780-1783)
6-8 Boston King, Memoirs of a Black Loyalist (1798)
6-9 Jacob Francis, An African American Recounts His War Service (1775-1777)
6-10 British Perceptions of the War of Independence (1776, 1778)
Creating Republican Institutions, 1776-1787
6-11 The Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776)
6-12 Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom (1786)
6-13 Abigail Adams, Boston Women Support Price Control (1777)
6-14 John Heckewelder, Pachgantschihilas Warns About the Long Knives (1781)
6-15 Proslavery Petitions in Virginia (1785)
The Constitution of 1787
6-16 James Madison, Vices of the Political System of the United States (1787)
6-17 James Madison, The Federalist, No. 10 (1787)
6-18 James Madison, The Federalist, No. 54 (1787)
Chapter 7. Politics and Society in the New Republic, 1787-1820
The Political Crisis of the 1790s
7-1 Alexander Hamilton, Report on Public Credit (1790)
7-2 George Washington, Farewell Address (1796)
7-3 Alexander Lawson, David Edwin, George Washington as a Symbol for America (1799, 1800)
7-4 The Sedition Act (1798)
7-5 Margaret Bayard Smith, The Election of 1800 (1801)
7-6 Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address (1801)
The Westward Movement and the Jeffersonian Revolution
7-7 Congressional Resolution on Western Lands (1800)
7-8 Thomas Jefferson, Message to Congress (January 18, 1803)
7-9 Jane Stevenson, A Pioneer Woman in Post-Revolutionary Kentucky (1840s)
The War of 1812 and the Transformation of Politics
7-10 John Marshall, Decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803)
7-11 Thomas Jefferson in Caricature (1809)
7-12 William Henry Harrison, Speech to Tecumseh and the Prophet (1811) and Report to the Secretary of War (1814)
7-13 Hartford Convention Resolutions (1814)
Chapter 8. Creating A Republican Culture, 1790-1820
The Capitalist Commonwealth
8-1 John Marshall, Decision in Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
8-2 John Marshall, Decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Toward a Democratic Republican Culture
8-3 Pierre Charles L'Enfant, The Plan of the City of Washington (1791)
8-4 Hugh Henry Brackenridge, Modern Chivalry (1792)
8-5 Unidentified Artist, Congressional Pugilists (1798)
8-6 Benjamin Rush, The Education of Republican Women (1798)
Aristocratic Republicanism and Slavery
8-7 James Madison, Original Intent and Slavery (1819)
8-8 Ferdinando Fairfax, A Slave Owner's Plan for Gradual Emancipation (1790)
8-9 Benjamin Banneker to Thomas Jefferson (1791)
8-10 James Madison and the American Colonization Society (1819)
Protestant Christianity as a Social Force
8-11 Reverend George Baxter, Defending the Revival at Cane Ridge, Kentucky (1802)
8-12 Alexis de Tocqueville, What Makes Religion Powerful in America? (1831)
PART THREE Overlapping Revolutions, 1820-1860
Chapter 9. Economic Transformation, 1820-1860
The American Industrial Revolution
9-1 Niles' Weekly Register, Calculating the Value of Children's Labor (1816)
9-2 A Mill Worker Describes Her Work and Life (1844)
9-3 Harriet Martineau, Morals of Manufactures (1837)
9-4 The “Factory Girls” (1844, 1845)
9-5 Joseph Whitworth, The American System of Manufactures (1854)
The Market Revolution
9-6 Michel Chevalier, Everybody Is Speculating (1836)
9-7 Daniel Webster, A Fellow Laborer of Immense Power (1836)
9-8 Freeman Hunt, Advice for Businessmen (1836)
New Social Classes and Cultures
9-9 Orestes A. Brownson, The Laboring Classes (1840)
9-10 Alexis de Tocqueville, The Rise of an Industrial Aristocracy (1831)
9-11 The American Whig Review, Influence of the Trading Spirit on Social and Moral Life (1845)
Chapter 10. A Democratic Revolution, 1820-1844
The Rise of Popular Politics, 1820-1828
10-1 James Kent, An Argument Against Universal Suffrage (1821)
10-2 Henry Clay, Speech on the Tariff (March 30-31, 1824)
10-3 Alexis de Tocqueville, The Tyranny of the Majority (1831)
10-4 Horace Mann, Necessity of Education in a Republic (1837)
10-5 James Fenimore Cooper, The American Democrat (1838)
The Jacksonian Presidency, 1829-1837
10-6 Margaret Bayard Smith, The Inauguration of Andrew Jackson (March 4, 1829)
10-7 Andrew Jackson, Elias Boudinot, On Indian Removal (1829)
10-8 John Marshall, Decision in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
10-9 South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification (1832)
Class, Culture, and the Second Party System
10-10 The Presidential Election of 1836
10-11 Francis P. Blair, Protecting Domestic Industry (1842)
Chapter 11. Religion and Reform, 1820-1860
Individualism: The Ethic of the Middle Class
11-1 Francis Wayland, Obedience (1831)
11-2 Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1854)
Rural Communalism and Urban Popular Culture
11-3 Rebecca Cox Jackson, The Shakers (1850)
11-4 John Humphrey Noyes, Male Continence (1872)
11-5 Edward Williams Clay, Satirizing Free Blacks (1829)
Abolitionsim
11-6 William Lloyd Garrison, Commencement of The Liberator (1831)
11-7 Frederick Douglass, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? (1852)
11-8 Frederick Law Olmsted, Southerners and Uncle Tom's Cabin (1856)
11-9 Slavery as It Exists (1850)
The Women's Rights Movement
11-10 Angelina E. Grimké, Breaking Out of Women's Separate Sphere (1838)
11-11 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (1848)
Chapter 12. The South Expands: Slavery and Society, 1800-1860
Creating the Cotton South
12-1 The Alabama Slave Code of 1852: Slave Patrols
12-2 William Chambers, Slave Auction in Richmond, Virginia (1854)
12-3 Frederick Law Olmsted, Slave Management on a Mississippi Plantation (1852)
12-4 James Coles Bruce, Inventory of Slave Property (1849)
12-5 Edmund Ruffin Defends Slavery (1853)
The African American World
12-6 Moncure Conway, The Bitter Consciousness of Being a Slave (c. 1840s)
12-7 Memories of a Slave Childhood
12-8 Frances Anne Kemble, The Plight of Female Slaves (1839)
12-9 Nat Turner, Religion in the Quarters (1832)
12-10 John Thompson, A Slave Named Ben (c. 1826)
12-11 The Enslavement of Solomon Northrup (1841)
PART FOUR Creating and Preserving a Continental Nation, 1844-1877
Chapter 13. Expansion, War, and Sectional Crisis, 1844-1860
Manifest Destiny: South and North
13-1 John L. O'Sullivan, Texas, California, and Manifest Destiny (1845)
13-2 The Great Prize Fight (1844)
War, Expansion, and Slavery, 1846-1850
13-3 José Enrique de la Peña, Davy Crockett and the Alamo-Another View (c. 1836)
13-4 Salmon P. Chase, Defining the Constitutional Limits of Slavery (1850)
13-5 John C. Calhoun, A Discourse on the Constitution (1850)
13-6 Frederick Grimké, The Right of Secession (1856)
The End of the Second Party System, 1850-1858
13-7 The Baltimore Sun, Runaway Slave Advertisements (1844)
13-8 What's Sauce for the Goose Is Sauce for the Gander (1851)
13-9 Opposing Accounts of the Rescue of a Fugitive (1851)
13-10 Charles Sumner, The Crime Against Kansas (1856)
13-11 The Dred Scott Decision (1857)
Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Triumph, 1858-1860
13-12 The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)
13-13 The Trial of John Brown (1859)
13-14 John A. Copeland, Jr., Letter to His Parents (1859)
13-15 Presidential Election of 1860
Chapter 14. Two Societies at War, 1861-1865
Secession and Military Stalemate, 1861-1862 and Toward Total War
14-1 Constitution of the Confederate States (1861)
14-2 Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address (1861)
14-3 Frederick Douglass, On the Inaugural Address (April 1861)
14-4 Mary Boykin Chesnut, The Crisis at Fort Sumter (April 1861)
The Turning Point: 1863
14-5 Slave Runaways in South Carolina (1861)
14-6 Charlotte Forten, A Northern Black Woman Teaches Contrabands in South Carolina (1862)
14-7 Anna Elizabeth Dickinson, The New York City Draft Riots (July 1863)
14-8 Carl Schurz Remembers Gettysburg (July 4, 1863)
14-9 Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address (1863)
The Union Victorious, 1864-1865
14-10 Confederates Debate Emancipation (1863-1864)
14-11 Abraham Lincoln to James C. Conkling (August 26, 1863)
14-12 Weekly Anglo-African, Letters to the Editor (1864)
14-13 Lincoln versus McClellan, 1864
14-14 Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address (1865)