*New
A
a/an
a lot
abbreviations
Using Abbreviations
Writer's Checklist: Using Abbreviations
Forming Abbreviations
Names of Organizations
Measurements
Personal Names and Titles
Common Scholarly Abbreviations
Web Link: Using Abbreviations
above
absolutely
abstract/concrete words
Figure A-1. Abstract-to-Concrete Words
Abstracts
Types of Abstracts
Figure A-2. Informative Abstract (from a Report)
Writing Strategies
accept/except
acceptance/refusal letters (for employment)
Figure A-3. Acceptance Letter (for Employment)
Figure A-4. Refusal Letter (for Employment)
acknowledgment letters
Figure A-5. Acknowledgement
acronyms and initialisms
active voice (see voice)
ad hoc
adapt/adept/adopt
*adapting to new technologies
*Technology You Need to Know
*Strategies for Learning a New Technology
*Digital Tip: Assessing Hardware and Software
adjectives
Limiting Adjectives
Articles
Demonstrative Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives
Numeral Adjectives
Indefinite Adjectives
Comparison of Adjectives
Placement of Adjectives
Use of Adjectives
ESL Tip: Tips for Using Adjectives
adjustment letters
Figure A-6. Adjustment Letter (When Company is at Fault)
Figure A-7. Partial Adjustment (Accompanying a Product)
Full Adjustment
Partial Adjustment
Adverbs
Types of Adverbs
Comparison Adverbs
Placement of Adverbs
affect/effect
affectation
Ethics Note
Web Link: Affected Writing Revised
affinity
agreement
Subject-Verb Agreement
Compound Subjects
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Gender
Number
Compound Antecedents
all ready/already
all right
all together/altogether
allude/elude/refer
allusion/illusion
allusions
almost/most
also
ambiguity
amount/number
ampersands
and/or
annual reports
Structure and Parts
Financial Highlights
Statement to Stockholders
Narrative Section
Financial Statement
Board of Directors and Company Officers
Preparing the Report
Design and Visuals
Writer's Checklist: Annual Reports
antonyms
apostrophes
Showing Possession
Indicating Omission
Forming Plurals
appendixes
application cover letters
Figure A-8. Application Letter Sent as E-mail (College Student Applying for an Internship)
Figure A-9. Application Letter (Recent Graduate Applying for a Graphic Design Job)
Figure A-10. Application Letter (Applicant with Years of Experience)
Opening
Body
Closing
appositives
articles
ESL Tip: Tips for Using Articles
as/because/since
as much as/more than
as such
as well as
audience
Analyzing Your Audience's Needs
Writing for Multiple Audiences
augment/supplement
average/median/mean
awhile/a while
awkwardness
Writer's Checklist: Eliminating Awkwardness
B
bad/badly
balance/remainder
be sure to
beside/besides
between/among
between you and me
bi-/semi-
biannual/biennial
biased language
*Professionalism Note
Sexist Language
Other Types if Biased Language
bibliographies
*blogs and forums
Organizational Uses
*Writing Style
Ethics Note
*Web Link: Developing Blogs and Forums
both…and
brackets
brainstorming
Figure B-1. Cluster Map from a Brainstorming Session
brochures
Types of Brochures
Designing the Brochure
Cover Panel
Figure B-2. Brochure (Cover Panel)
First Inside Panel
Subsequent Panels
Figure B-3. Brochure (Inside Panels)
Design Style and Unity
Writer's Checklist: Designing a Brochure
Web Link: Sample Brochures
bulleted lists (see lists)
business plans
Purpose and Audience
Format, Length, and Sections
Company Description and Strategy
Business Description
Vision and Mission Statements
Goals and Milestones
Management and Key Team Members
Market Analysis and Strategy
Marketing Plan
Financial Analysis
Supporting Documents
Writer's Checklist: Preparing Business Plans
Web Link: Sample Business Plans
business writing style
Ethics Note
buzzwords
Web Link: Buzzwords
C
can/may
cannot
capital/capitol
capitalization
Proper Nouns
Common Nouns
First Words
Specific Groups
Specific Places
Specific Institutions, Events, Concepts
Titles of Works
Professional and Personal Titles
Abbreviations and Letters
Miscellaneous Capitalizations
case
Figure C-1. Pronoun Case Chart
Subjective Case
Objective Case
Possessive Case
Appositives
Determining the Case of Pronouns
cause-and-effect method of development
Evaluating Evidence
Linking Causes to Effects
center on
chronological method of development
Figure C-2. Chronological Method of Development
cite/sight/site
clarity
clauses
clichés
coherence
collaborative writing
Digital Tip: Collaborative Writing Software
Tasks of the Collaborative Writing Team
Planning
*Professionalism Note
Research Writing
Reviewing
Digital Tip: Reviewing Collaborative Documents
Revising
Conflict
Writer's Checklist: Writing Collaboratively
collection letters
Figure C-3. First-Stage Collection Letter
Figure C-4. Second-Stage Collection Letter
Figure C-5. Third-Stage Collection Letter
colons
Colons in Sentences
Colons with Salutations, Titles, Citations, and Numbers
Punctuation and Capitalization with Colons
Unnecessary Colons
comma splice
commas
Linking Independent Clauses
Enclosing Elements
Introducing Elements
Clauses and Phrases
Words and Quotations
Separating Items in a Series
Clarifying and Contrasting
Showing Omissions
Using with Numbers and Names
Using with Other Punctuation
Avoiding Unnecessary Commas
compare/contrast
comparison
comparison method of development
Figure C-6. Whole-by-Whole Method of Comparison
Figure C-7. Part-by-Part Method of Comparison
Figure C-8. Comparison Using a Table to Illustrate Key Differences
complaint letters
Figure C-9. Complaint Letter
complement/compliment
complements
compose/constitute/comprise
compound words
conciseness
Causes of Wordiness
Writer's Checklist: Achieving Conciseness
conclusions
Figure C-10. Conclusion
conjunctions
connotation/denotation
consensus
context
Assessing Context
Signaling Context
continual/continuous
contractions
copyright
Ethics Note
Permissions
Exceptions
Ethics Note
correspondence
Audience and Writing Style
Goodwill and the “You” Viewpoint
Writer's Checklist: Using Tone to Build Goodwill
Good-News and Bad-News Patterns
Figure C-11. A Poor Bad-News Message
Figure C-12. A Courteous Bad-News Message
Figure C-13. A Good-News Message
Openings and Closings
Clarity and Emphasis
Lists
Headings
Subject Lines
Writer's Checklist: Correspondence and Accuracy
cover letters (or transmittals)
Figure C-14. Cover Message
credible/creditable
criteria/criterion
critique
D
dangling modifiers
dashes
data
dates
de facto/de jure
defective/deficient
defining terms
definite/definitive
definition method of development
Extended Definition
Definition by Analogy
Definition by Cause
Definition by Components
Definition by Exploration of Origin
Negative Definition
description
Figure D-1. Simple Description
Figure D-2. Illustrated Description
design (see layout and design)
despite/in spite of
dictionaries
Figure D-3. Dictionary Entry
Web Link: Online Dictionaries
Abridged Dictionaries
Unabridged Dictionaries
ESL Dictionaries
Subject Dictionaries
differ from/differ with
different from/different than
direct address
discreet/discrete
disinterested/uninterested
division-and-classification method of development
Division
Classification
documenting sources
APA Documentation
APA In-Text Citations
APA Documentation Models
APA Sample Pages
Figure D-4. APA Sample Page
Figure D-5. APA Sample List of References
CMS Documentation
CMS Footnotes and Endnotes
CMS Documentation Models
CMS Sample Pages
Figure D-6. CMS Sample Page
Figure D-7. CMS Sample Bibliography
MLA Documentation
MLA In-Text Citations
MLA Documentation Models
MLA Sample Pages
Figure D-8. MLA Sample Page
Figure D-9. MLA Sample List of Works Cited
Ethics Note
Web Link: Other Style Manuals and Documentation Systems
double negatives
drawings
Figure D-10. Conventional Line Drawing for Retail Catalog
Figure D-11. Exploded-View Drawing
Figure D-12. Cutaway Drawing
Ethics Note
Writer's Checklist: Creating and Using Drawings
due to/because of
E
each
economic/economical
*editing (see revision and proofreading)
e.g./i.e.
ellipses
e-mail
Review and Confidentiality
*Professionalism Note
Writer's Checklist: Observing Workplace Netiquette
Design Considerations
*Digital Tip: Sending a Large Attachment
Salutations, Closings, and Signature Blocks
Figure E-1. E-mail Signature Block
Writer's Checklist: Managing Your E-mail and Reducing Overload
emphasis
Achieving Emphasis
Position
Climactic Order
Sentence Length
Sentence Type
Active Voice
Repetition
Intensifiers
Direct Statements
Long Dashes
Typographical Devices
English as a second language
Count and Mass Nouns
Articles and Modifiers
Gerunds and Infinitives
Adjective Clauses
Present Perfect Verb Tense
Present Progressive Verb Tense
ESL Entries
Web Link: English as a Second Language
English, varieties of
Colloquial English
Dialectal English
Localisms
Slang
equal/unique/perfect
etc.
ethics in writing
Ethics Note
Writer's Checklist: Writing Ethically
euphemisms
Ethics Note
everybody/everyone
exclamation marks
executive summaries
Writer's Checklist: Writing Executive Summaries
expletives
explicit/implicit
exposition
F
fact
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
*Ethics Note
Questions to Include
Organization
Placement
Writer's Checklist: Developing an FAQ
fax (see selecting the medium)
feasibility reports
Figure F-1. Feasibility Report
Report Sections
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Recommendation
Web Link: Feasibility Reports
few/a few
fewer/less
figuratively/literally
figures of speech
Types of Figures of Speech
fine
first/firstly
flowcharts
Figure F-2. Flowchart Using Labeled Blocks
Figure F-3. Flowchart Using Pictorial Symbols
Figure F-4. Common ISO Flowchart Symbols (with Annotations)
Writer's Checklist: Creating Flowcharts
footnotes (see documenting sources)
forceful/forcible
foreign words in English
foreword/forward
form letters
When to Use Form Letters
*Professionalism Note
Writing Form Letters
*Repurposing Form Letters
Figure F-5. Headline Lead
formal reports
Front Matter
Title Page
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Foreword
Preface
List of Abbreviations and Symbols
Body
Executive Summary
Introduction
Text
Conclusions
Recommendations
Explanatory Notes
References (or Works Cited)
*Ethics Note
Back Matter
Appendixes
Bibliography
Glossary
Index
Sample Formal Report
Figure F-6. Formal Report
format
former/latter
forms
Figure F-7. Form (for a Medical Claim)
Figure F-8. Online Form with Typical Components
Ethics Note
Preparing a Form
Choosing Online or Paper
Writing Instructions
Choosing Response Types
Wording Questions
Sequencing Entries
Designing a Form
Entry Lines and Fields
Figure F-9. Writing Block for a Form
Spacing
fragments (see sentence fragments)
functional shift
G
garbled sentences
gender
ESL Tip: Tips for Assigning Gender
general and specific methods of development
General to Specific
Figure G-1. General-to-Specific Method of Development
Specific to General
Figure G-2. Specific to General Method of Development
global communication
Writer's Checklist: Communicating Globally
Web Link: Intercultural Resources
global graphics
Figure G-3. Graphics for U.S. and Global Audiences
Figure G-4. ISO Symbols
*Professionalism Note
Writer's Checklist: Communicating with Global Graphics
glossaries
gobbledygook
good/wellgrammar
Web Link: Getting Help with Grammar
*grant proposals
*Web Link: Sample Grant Proposals
*Cover Letter
*Title Page
*Application Form
*Introduction
*Literature Review
*Project Narrative
*Organization Description
*Conclusion
*Attachments (appendixes)
*Web Link: Resources for Preparing Grant Proposals
*Writer's Checklist: Grant Proposals
graphs
Line Graphs
Figure G-5. Double-Line Graph (with Shading)
Ethics Note
Figure G-6. Distorted and Distortion-Free Expressions of Data
Bar Graphs
*Web Link: Resources for Preparing Gantt Charts
Figure G-7. Bar Graph (Quantities of Different Items During a Fixed Period)
Figure G-8. Bar (Column) Graph (Showing the Parts that Make Up the Whole)
*Figure G-9. Gantt Chart
Pie Graphs
Figure G-10. Pie Graph (Showing Percentages of the Whole)
Picture Graphs
Figure G-11. Picture Graph
Writer's Checklist: Creating Graphs
H
he/she
headers and footers
Figure H-1. Header and Footer
headings
Figure H-2. Headings Used in a Document
General Heading Style
Decimal Numbering System
Writer's Checklist: Using Headings
hyphens
Hyphens with Compound Words
Hyphens with Modifiers
Hyphens with Prefixes and Suffixes
Hyphens and Clarity
Other Uses of the Hyphen
Writer's Checklist: Using Hyphens to Divide Words
I
idioms
Web Link: Prepositional Idioms
illegal/illicit
illustrations (see visuals)
imply/infer
in/into
in order to
in terms of
indexing
Figure I-1. Index Entry (with Main Entry, Subentries, and Sub-subentries)
Digital Tip: Creating an Index
indiscreet/indiscrete
individual
inquiries and responses
Figure I-2. Inquiry
Writing Inquiries
Responding to Inquiries
Figure I-3. Response to an Inquiry
inside/inside of
instant messaging
Figure I-4. Instant Messaging Exchange
Ethics Note
Writer's Checklist: Instant Messaging Privacy and Security
instructions
Writing Instructions
Illustrating Instructions
Figure I-5. Illustrated Instructions
Writer's Checklist: Writing Instructions
insure/ensure/assure
intensifiers
interface
interjections
international correspondence
Cultural Differences in Correspondence
Cross-Cultural Examples
Figures I-6. Inappropriate International Correspondence (Draft Marked for Revision)
Figure I-7. Appropriate International Correspondence
Web Link: Google's International Directory
Writer's Checklist: Writing International Correspondence
interviewing for information
Determining the Proper Person to Interview
Preparing for the Interview
Conducting the Interview
*Professionalism Note
Writer's Checklist: Interviewing Successfully
Expanding Your Notes Soon After the Interview
Interviewing by Phone or E-mail
interviewing for a job
Before the Interview
Professionalism Note
During the Interview
Behavior
*Difficult Questions
Responses
Conclusion
After the Interview
Figure I-8. Follow-up Correspondence
introductions
Routine Openings
Opening Strategies
Objective
Problem Statement
Scope
Background
Summary
Interesting Detail
Definition
Anecdote
Quotation
Forecast
Persuasive Hook
Full-Scale Introductions
investigative reports
Figure I-9. Investigative Report
italics
Foreign Words and Phrases
Titles
Proper Names
Words, Letters, and Figures
Subheads
its/it's
J
jargon
job descriptions
Figure J-1. Job Description
Writer's Checklist: Writing Job Descriptions
job search
*Personal Brand and Branding
Networking and Informational Interviews
Campus Career Services
Web Resources
*Social Media
*Professionalism Note
Web Link: Finding a Job
Job Advertisements
*Web Link: O*NET Online
Trade and Professional Journal Listings
Employment Agencies (Private, Temporary, Government)
*Internships
*Direct Inquiries
*Web Link: Direct Inquiry Application on Cover Letters
*Completing a Job or Internship Application
*Figure J-2. Sections from a Job Application Form
*Web Link: Sample Job Application
*Writer's Checklist: Completing a Job Application
K
kind of/sort of
know-how
L
lay/lie
layout and design
Typography
Figure L-1. Primary Components of Letter Characters
Typeface and Type Size
Figure L-2. Type Sizes (6- to 14-Point Type)
Type Style and Emphasis.
Page-Design Elements
Justification
Headings
Headers and Footers
Lists
Columns
White Space
Color
Visuals
Icons
Captions
Rules
Page Layout and Thumbnails
Web Link: Designing Documents
lend/loan
letters
Common Letter Styles
Figure L-3. Full-Block-Style Letter (with Letterhead)
Figure L-4. Full-Block-Style Letter (without Letterhead)
Heading
Inside Address
Salutation
*Subject Line
Body
Complimentary Closing
Writer's Signature Block
End Notations
Continuing Pages
Figure L-5. Headers for the Second Page of a Letter
like/as
listening
Fallacies about Listening
Active Listening
Step 1: Make a Conscious Decision
Step 2: Define Your Purpose
Step 3: Take Specific Actions
Step 4: Adapt to the Situation
lists
Figure L-6. Bulleted List in a Paragraph
Writer's Checklist: Using Lists
logic errors
Ethics Note
Lack of Reason
Sweeping Generalizations
Non Sequiturs
False Cause
Biased or Suppressed Evidence
Fact Versus Opinion
Loaded Arguments
Web Link: Avoiding Logical Fallacies
loose/lose
M
malapropisms
maps
Figure M-1. Map
Writer's Checklist: Creating and Using Maps
Web Link: Maps and Mapping Information
maybe/may be
media/medium
meetings
Planning a Meeting
Determine the Purpose of the Meeting
Decide Who Should Attend
Choose the Meeting Time
Choose the Meeting Location
Digital Tip: Conducting Meetings from Remote Locations
Establish the Agenda.
Figure M-2. Meeting Agenda
Figure M-3. E-mail to Accompany an Agenda
Assign the Minute-Taking
Conducting the Meeting
Deal with Conflict
Close the Meeting
Writer's Checklist: Planning and Conducting Meetings
memos
Memo Format
*Professionalism Note
Figure M-4. Typical Memo Format (Printed)
Additional Pages
Figure M-5. Headers for the Second Page of Memos
Web Link: Writing Memos
methods of development
minutes of meetings
Figure M-6. Minutes of a Meeting
Writer's Checklist: Preparing Minutes of Meetings
mission statements
Figure M-7. Mission Statement
Writing a Mission Statement
Format and Length
mixed constructions
modifiers
Stacked (Jammed) Modifiers
Misplaced Modifiers
Squinting Modifiers
mood
ESL Tip: Tips for Determining Mood
Ms./Miss/Mrs.
mutual/common
N
narration
Figure N-1. Narration from a Financial Newsletter
nature
needless to say
newsletter articles
Figure N-2. Newsletter Article
Writer's Checklist: Writing Newsletter Articles
newsletters
Types of Newsletters
Figure N-3. Company Newsletter (Front Page)
Developing Newsletters
*Professionalism Note
nominalizations
none
nor/or
note-taking
Ethics Note
Writer's Checklist: Taking Notes
nouns
Types of Nouns
Noun Functions
Collective Nouns
Plural Nouns
number (grammar)
numbers
Numerals or Words
Plurals
Measurements
Fractions
Money
ESL Tip: Tips for Punctuating Numbers
Time
Dates
Addresses
Documents
O
objects
OK/okay
on/onto/upon
one
one of those . . . who
only
order-of-importance method of development
Decreasing Order
Figure O-1. Decreasing Order-of-Importance Method of Development
Increasing Order
Figure O-2. Increasing Order-of-Importance Method of Development
organization
organizational charts
Figure O-3. Organizational Chart
outlining
Advantages of Outlining
Types of Outlines
Creating an Outline
Digital Tip: Creating and Outline
outside [of ]
over [with]
P
pace
paragraphs
Topic Sentence
Paragraph Length
Writing Paragraphs
Paragraph Unity and Coherence
parallel structure
Faulty Parallelism
paraphrasing
Ethics Note
parentheses
parts of speech
party
per
percent/percentage
periods
Periods in Quotations
Periods with Parentheses
Other Uses of Periods
Period Faults
person
personal/personnel
persons/people
persuasion
Figure P-1. Persuasive Memo
Ethics Note
phenomenon/phenomena
photographs
Figure P-2. Photo (of Aircraft Door)
Ethics Note
phrases
Prepositional Phrases
Participial Phrases
Dangling Participial Phrases
Misplaced Participial Phrases
Infinitive Phrases
Gerund Phrases
Verb Phrases
Noun Phrases
plagiarism
Citing Sources
Common Knowledge
Ethics Note
Web Link: Avoiding Plagiarism
*plain language
*Writer's Checklist: Using Plain Language
*Web Link: Plain Language
point of view
Ethics Note
ESL Tip: Stating an Opinion
policies and procedures
Policies
Procedures
Figure P-3. Procedures Chart
positive writing
Ethics Note
possessive case
Singular Nouns
Plural Nouns
Compound Nouns
Coordinate Nouns
Possessive Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
prefixes
preparation
Writer's Checklist: Preparing to Write
prepositions
Prepositions at the End of a Sentence
Prepositions in Titles
Preposition Errors
presentations
Determining Your Purpose
Analyzing Your Audience
Gathering Information
Structuring the Presentation
The Introduction
The Body
The Closing
Transitions
Using Visuals
Ethics Note
Flip Charts
Whiteboard or Chalkboard
Overhead Transparencies
Presentation Software
*Professionalism Note
Figure P-4. Slides for a Presentation
Web Link: Preparing Presentation Slides
Writer's Checklist: Using Visuals in a Presentation
Delivering a Presentation
Practice
Delivery Techniques That Work
Presentation Anxiety
Writer's Checklist: Preparing for and Delivering a Presentation
press releases
Figure P-5. Press Release
Writer's Checklist: Preparing Press Releases
Web Link: Press Releases
principal/principle
process explanation
progress and activity reports
Figure P-6. Progress Report
Figure P-7. Activity Report
Progress Reports
Activity Reports
promotional writing
Ethics Note
Web Link: Writing Promotional Case Studies
pronoun reference
pronouns
Case
ESL Tip: Tips for Using Possessive Pronouns
Gender
Number
Person
proofreaders' marks
Figure P-8. Proofreaders' Marks
proofreading
Writer's Checklist: Proofreading in Stages
Digital Tip: Proofreading for Format Consistency
proposals
Proposal Strategies
Audience and Purpose
*Project Management
*Web Link: Proposal Writing Software
Writer's Checklist: Writing Persuasive Proposals
*Proposal Context and Types
*Internal Proposals
*Informal Interpersonal Proposals
*Web Link: Internal Proposals
*Formal Internal Proposals
*Web Link: Complete Internal Proposal
*External Proposals
*Solicted Proposals
*Unsolicited Proposals
*Sales Proposals
*Ethics Note
*Ethics Note
*Web Link: Sample Sales Proposal
*Grant Proposals (see entry grant proposals)
Ethics Note
Figure P-10. Sales Proposal
Web Link: Sample Sales Proposals
pseudo-/quasi-
punctuation
Web Link: Practicing Punctuation
purpose
Q
question marks
questionnaires
Figure Q-1. Questionnaire
Selecting the Recipients
*Web Link: Online Surveys
Preparing the Questions
Ethics Note
Writer's Checklist: Designing a Questionnaire
quid pro quo
quotation marks
Direct Quotations
Ethics Note
Words and Phrases
Titles of Works
Punctuation
quotations
Ethics Note
Direct Quotations
Indirect Quotations
Deletions or Omissions
Inserting Material into Quotations
Incorporating Quotations into Text
Figure Q-2. Long Quotation (APA Style)
R
raise / rise
readers
really
reason is [because]
reference letters
Figure R-1. Reference Letter
Ethics Note
refusal letters
Figure R-2. Refusal Letter (Sent as E-mail)
regarding / with regard to
regardless
repetition
reports
repurposing
Repurpose for the Context
Repurpose for the Medium
Ethics Note
research
Primary Research
Ethics Note
Secondary Research
Library Research Strategies
*Digital Tip: Storing Search Results
Online Catalogs
Online Databases and Indexes
Reference Works
Internet Research Strategies
Search Engines
Writer's Checklist: Using Search Engines and Keywords
Web Subject Directories
Evaluating Sources
Writer's Checklist: Evaluating Print and Online Sources
Web Link: Evaluating Online Sources
resignation letters
Figure R-3. Resignation Letter (to Accept a Better Position)
Figure R-4. Resignation Memo (Under Negative Conditions)
respective / respectively
restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
résumés
Ethics Note
*Digital Tip: Formatting the Résumé
Sample Résumés
Figure R-5. Student Résumé (for an Entry-Level Position)
Figure R-6. Résumé (With Variation in Design)
Figure R-7. Student Résumé (for a Graphic Design Job)
Figure R-8. Résumé (Applicant with Management Experience)
Figure R-9. Advanced Résumé (Career Change)
Figure R-10. Advanced Résumé (Showing Promotion within a Single Company)
Figure R-11. Electronic Résumé (Combining Functional and Chronological Elements)
Web Link: Annotated Sample Résumés
Analyzing Your Background
*Returning Job Seekers
Organizing Your Résumé (Sections)
Heading
Job Objective vs. Tagline
*Professionalism Note
Qualifications Summary
Education
Employment Experience
Related Knowledge, Skills and Abilities
Honors and Activities
References and Portfolios
*Professionalism Note
Electronic Résumés
Web Résumés
Scannable and Plain-Text Résumés
E-mail-Attached Résumés
revision
Writer's Checklist: Revising Your Draft
Digital Tip: Incorporating Tracked Changes
rhetorical questions
run-on sentences
S
salary negotiations
Web Link: Salary Information Resources
sales letters
Ethics Note
Writer's Checklist: Writing Sales Letters
*Web Link: Sales-Letter Resources
scope
selecting the medium
E-mail
Memos
Letters
Faxes
Instant Messaging
*Text Messaging
Telephone and Conference Calls
*Voice-Mail Messages
Face-to-Face Meetings
Videoconferences
Web Communication
semicolons
With Strong Connectives
For Clarity in Long Sentences
sentence construction
Subjects
ESL Tip: Tips for Understanding the Subject of a Sentence
Predicates
Sentence Types
Structure
Intention
Stylistic Use
Constructing Effective Sentences
ESL Tip: Tips for Understanding the Requirements of a Sentence
sentence faults
sentence fragments
sentence variety
Sentence Length
Word Order
Loose and Periodic Sentences
sequential method of development
Figure S-1. Sequential Method of Development
service
set / sit
shall / will
slashes
so / so that / such
some / somewhat
some time / sometime / sometimes
spatial method of development
Figure S-2. Spatial Method of Development
spelling
style
Formal Writing Style
Informal Writing Style
Writer's Checklist: Developing an Effective Style
Web Link: Style Guides
subordination
suffixes
surveys (see questionnaires)
synonyms
syntax
T
tables of contents
tables
Table Elements
Figure T-1. Elements of a Table
Table Number
Table Title
Box Head
Stub
Body
Rules
Footnotes
Source Line
Continuing Tables
Informal Tables
Figure T-2. Informal Table
telegraphic style
tenant / tenet
tense
Past Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Present Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Future Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Shift in Tense
ESL Tip: Tips for Using the Progressive Form
*text messaging
that / which / who
there / their / they're
thesaurus
titles
Reports and Long Documents
Memos, E-mail, and Internet Postings
Formatting Titles
Capitalization
Italics
Quotation Marks
Special Cases
to / too / two
tone
transition
Methods of Transition
Transition between Sentences
Transition between Paragraphs
trip reports
Figure T-3. Trip Report Sent as E-mail (with Attachment)
trouble reports
Figure T-4. Trouble Report
Ethics Note
try to
U
unity
up
usage
Web Link: Online Usage and Style Guides
utilize
V
vague words
verbals
Gerunds
Infinitives
Participles
verbs
Types of Verbs
Forms of Verbs
Finite Verbs
Nonfinite Verbs
ESL Tip: Tips for Avoiding Shifts in Voice, Mood, or Tense
Properties of Verbs
Web Link: Conjugation of Verbs
very
via
visuals
Selecting Visuals
Figure V-1. Chart for Choosing Appropriate Visuals
Ethics Note
Integrating Visuals with Text
Ethics Note
Writer's Checklist: Creating and Integrating Visuals
voice
Using the Active Voice
Improving Clarity
Highlighting Subjects
Achieving Conciseness
Using the Passive Voice
Ethics Note
ESL Tip: Tips for Choosing Voice
W
wait for/wait on
Web design
Web Link: Web Design Resources
Audience and Purpose
Access for People with Disabilities
Digital Tip: Testing Your Web Site
Writer's Checklist: Designing Web Pages
when / where / that
whether
while
who / whom
who's / whose / of which
-wise
word choice
Web Link: Wise Word Choices
writing a draft
Writer's Checklist: Writing a Rough Draft
writing for the Web
Ethics Note
Crafting Content for Web Pages
Headings
Lists
Keywords
Graphics
Hyperlinks
Fonts
Line Length
Writing for a Global Audience
Linking to Reputable Sites
Posting an Existing Document
Ethics Note
Protecting the Privacy of Users
Digital Tip: Using PDF Files
Y
“you” viewpoint
your / you're