VOLUME 2: The Modern World (1650–Present) [*denotes complete longer works]
Preface
About the Editors
Pronunciation Key
INTRODUCTION: SEVENTEENTH CENTURY– NINETEENTH CENTURY, 1650–1850
JEAN-BAPTISTE POQUELIN MOLIÈRE [b. France, 1622–1673]
*Tartuffe
(Translated by Richard Wilbur) PU SONG-LING [b.China, 1640–1715]
The Mural
(Translated by Denis C. Mair and Victor H. Mair) _____________________ Text in Context: Narrow Road through the Backcountry MATSUO BASHO [b. Japan, 1644–1694]
*Narrow Road through the Backcountry
(Translated by Richard Bodner) In the World: Travel and Cultural Encounter EVLIYA ÇELEBI [b. Turkey, 1611–1684]
from The Book of Travels
(Translated by Robert Dankoff) LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU [b. England, 1689–1762]
from The Turkish Letters
DENIS DIDEROT [b. France, 1713–1784]
from Supplement to the Voyage of Bougainville
(Translated by Jean Stewart and Jonathan Kemp) MIRZA ABU TALEB KHAN [b. India, 1759–?1806]
from Travels of Mirza Abu Taleb Khan
(Translated by Charles Stewart) _____________________ SOR JUANA INÉS DE LA CRUZ [b. Mexico, 1648–1695]
Love, at first, Is Fashioned of Agitation
(Translated by S. G. Morley) The Rhetoric of Tears
(Translated by Frank J. Warnke) *Response to Sor Filotea
(Translated by Margaret Sayers Peden) JONATHAN SWIFT [b. Ireland, 1667–1745]
from Gulliver’s Travels
Part IV: A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms
ALEXANDER POPE [b. England, 1688–1744]
An Essay on Man
Epistle 1
from Epistle 2
from Epistle 3
_____________________ Text in Context: Candide FRANÇOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE [b. France, 1694–1778]
*Candide
(Translated by Daniel Gordon) In the World: Enlightenment and the Spirit of Inquiry RENÉ DESCARTES [b. France, 1596–1650]
from Discourse on Method
(Translated by Elizabeth S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross) JOHN LOCKE [b. England, 1632–1704]
from The Second Treatise on Government
BAIEN MIURA [b. Japan, 1723–1789]
from Reply to Taga Bokkei
(Translated by Rosemary Mercer) IMMANUEL KANT [b. Germany, 1724–1804]
An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?
(Translated by Mary J. Gregor) THOMAS JEFFERSON [b. United States, 1743–1826]
Declaration of Independence
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT [b. England, 1759–1797]
from A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
_____________________ JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU [b. France, 1712–1778]
Confessions
(Translator anonymous) from Book 1
RAMPRASAD SEN [b. India, 1718–1775]
It’s This Hope in Hope
The Dark Mother is Flying a Kite
Kali, Why Are You Naked Again?
Now Cry Kali and Take the Plunge!
Why Should I Go to Kashi?
What’s More to Fear
(Translated by Leonard Nathan and Clinton Seely) _____________________ Text in Context: The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano OLAUDAH EQUIANO [b. Africa, 1745–1797]
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African
from Chapter 1 [Equiano’s Igbo Roots]
from Chapter 2 [Captivity and Slavery; The Slave Ship]
from Chapter 3 [Sold to Captain Pascal; A New Name]
from Chapter 4 [Baptism and the Desire for Freedom]
from Chapter 5 [Sold to Robert King; The Horrors of the West Indies]
from Chapter 7 [Freedom]
from Chapter 9 [London; Self-Improvement]
from Chapter 10 [Conversion]
from Chapter 12 [Conclusion]
In the World: Slave Narratives and Emancipation HARRIET A. JACOBS (LINDA BRENT) [b. United States, c. 1813–1897]
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
from Chapter 1: Childhood
from Chapter 2: The New Master and Mistress
from Chapter 5: The Trials of Girlhood
from Chapter 6: The Jealous Mistress
Chapter 10: A Perilous Passage in the Slave Girl’s Life
from Chapter 21: The Loophole of Retreat
from Chapter 23: Still in Prison
from Chapter 29: Preparations for Escape
from Chapter 30: Northward Bound
FREDERICK DOUGLASS [b. United States, 1818?–1895]
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Written by Himself
Chapter I: [Childhood]
from Chapter II: [Great House Farm]
from Chapter V: [Move to Baltimore]
from Chapter VI: [Learning to Read and Write]
Chapter VII: [Literacy]
from Chapter X: [Attempted Escape]
from Chapter XI: [Freedom]
Emancipation Proclaimed
AFRICAN AMERICAN FOLK SONGS [United States, eighteenth century–early nineteenth century]
Go Down, Moses
Deep River
Follow the Drinkin’ Gourd
Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Chile
Hold On!
John Henry
_____________________ Text in Context: Faust JOHANN WOLFGANG VON GOETHE [b. Germany, 1749–1832]
Faust
(Translated by Charles E. Passage) Prologue in Heaven
from The First Part of the Tragedy
The Second Part of the Tragedy
from Act One
Act Five
In the World: Faust and the Romantic Hero ALESSANDRO MANZONI [b. Italy, 1785–1873]
The Fifth of May
(Translated by Joseph Tusiani) GEORGE GORDON (LORD BYRON) [b. England, 1788–1824]
from Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
Canto III, 36-45: [Napoleon]
JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER [b. United States, 1807–1892]
from Toussaint L’Ouverture
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE [b. Germany, 1844–1900]
from The Gay Science
(Translated by Walter Kaufmann) 283: Preparatory Men
from Thus Spoke Zarathustra
(Translated by Walter Kaufmann) First Part: 3 [The Superman]
INAZO NITOBÉ [b. Japan, 1862–1933]
from Bushido: The Soul of Japan
_____________________ WILLIAM WORDSWORTH [b. England, 1770–1850]
from Lyrical Ballads
Expostulation and Reply
The Tables Turned
Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal
The World is Too Much With Us
Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802
Ode: Intimations of Immortality
_____________________ In the Tradition: The Romantic Lyric CHARLOTTE SMITH [b. England, 1749–1806]
Written in the Church-Yard at Middleton in Sussex
The Sea View
WILLIAM BLAKE [b. England, 1757–1827]
from Songs of Innocence
Introduction
The Lamb
The Chimney Sweeper
Holy Thursday
from Songs of Experience
Introduction
Earth’s Answer
Holy Thursday
The Chimney Sweeper
The Tyger
London
FRIEDRICH HÖLDERLIN [b. Germany, 1770–1843]
The Half of Life
Hyperion’s Song of Fate
(Translated by Christopher Middleton) NOVALIS (GEORG FRIEDRICH PHILIPP, BARON VON HARDENBERG) [b. Germany, 1772–1801]
from Hymns to the Night
(Translated by Charles Passage) Yearning for Death
ALPHONSE DE LAMARTINE [b. France, 1790–1869]
The Lake
(Translated by Andrea Moorhead) JOHN KEATS [b. England, 1795–1821]
On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer
Ode to a Nightingale
Ode on a Grecian Urn
ANNETTE VON DROSTE-HÜLSHOFF [b. Germany, 1797–1848]
On the Tower
(Translated by Ruth Kluger) In the Grass
(Translated by James Edward Tobin) HEINRICH HEINE [b. Germany, 1797–1856]
A Spruce is Standing Lonely
(Translated by Gary Harrison) The Minnesingers
(Translated by Louis Untermeyer) The Silesian Weavers
(Translated by Aaron Kramer) The Asra
(Translated by Ernst Feise) GIACOMO LEOPARDI [b. Italy, 1798–1837]
The Infinite
(Translated by Ottavio M. Casale) To Sylvia
(Translated by Ottavio M. Casale) The Solitary Thrush
(Translated by Eamon Grennan) ROSALÍA DE CASTRO [b. Spain, 1837–1885]
I Tend a Beautiful Plant
(Translated by Lou Charnon Deutsch) It Is Said Plants Cannot Speak
(Translated by Lou Charnon Deutsch) A Glowworm Scatters Flashes through the Moss
(Translated by S. Griswold Morley) The Ailing Woman Felt Her Forces Ebb
(Translated by S. Griswold Morley) _____________________ SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE [b. England, 1772–1834]
*The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Kubla Khan
GHALIB (MIRZA ASADULLAH BEG KHAN) [b. India, 1797–1869]
The drop dies in the river
(Translated by W.S. Merwin) Why didn’t I shrink in the blaze of that face?
(Translated by Adrienne Rich) Is it you, O God?
(Translated by Adrienne Rich) It is a long time since my love stayed with me here
(Translated by W.S. Merwin) There are a thousand desires like this
(Translated by W.S. Merwin) Don’t Skimp with Me Today
(Translated by Roberty Bly with Sunil Dutta) A Lamp in a Strong Wind
(Translated by Robert Bly with Sunil Dutta) ALEXANDER PUSHKIN [b. Russia, 1799–1837]
*The Bronze Horseman
(Translated by D. M. Thomas) WALT WHITMAN [b. United States, 1819–1892]
from Song of Myself
1, 2, 5, 6, 16, 17, 21, 24, 31, 32, 48-52
Facing West from California’s Shores
INTRODUCTION: NINETEENTH CENTURY–TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, 1850–Present HERMAN MELVILLE [b. United States, 1819–1891]
*Bartleby the Scrivener
CHARLES BAUDELAIRE [b. France, 1821–1867]
To the Reader
(Translated by Stanley Kunitz) The Albatross
(Translated by Richard Wilbur) Correspondences
(Translated by Richard Wilbur) Hymn to Beauty
(Translated by Dorothy Martin) Carrion
(Translated by Richard Howard) GUSTAVE FLAUBERT [b. France, 1821–1880]
*A Simple Heart
(Translated by Arthur McDowall) FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY [b. Russia, 1821–1881]
from The Brothers Karamazov
(Translated by Constance Garnett) The Grand Inquisitor
_____________________ Text in Context: The Death of Ivan Ilych LEO TOLSTOY [b. Russia, 1828–1910]
*The Death of Ivan Ilych
(Translated by David Magarshack) In the World: Society and Its Discontents CHARLES DICKENS [b. England, 1812–1870]
from Our Mutual Friend
from Chapter XI: Podsnappery
KARL MARX [b. Germany, 1818–1883]
FRIEDRICH ENGELS [b. Germany, 1820–1895]
from The Communist Manifesto
(Translated by Samuel Moore) I. Bourgeois and Proletarians
GUY DE MAUPASSANT [b. France, 1850–1893]
Regret
(Translated by Roger Colet) FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE [b. Germany, 1844–1900]
from The Gay Science
(Translated by Walter Kaufmann) [The Madman]
ÉMILE ZOLA [b. France, 1840–1902]
from Preface to the Second Edition of Thérèse Raquin
(Translated by Leonard Tancock) INAZO NITOBÉ [b. Japan, 1862–1933]
from Bushido: The Soul of Japan
_____________________ Text in Context: A Doll’s House HENRIK IBSEN [b. Norway, 1828–1906]
*A Doll’s House
(Translated by William Archer) In the World: The Emancipation of Women EMILIA PARDO BAZÁN [b. Spain, 1852–1921]
The Revolver
(Translated by Angel Flores) HIGUCHI ICHIYO (HIGUCHI NITSUKO) [b. Japan, 1872–1896]
The Thirteenth Night (Jusan’ya)
(Translated by Robert Lyons Danly) RASSUNDARI DEVI [b. India, 1810–?]
from Amar Jiban (My Life)
(Translated by Tanika Sarkar) _____________________
EMILY DICKINSON [b. United States, 1830–1886]
I know that He exists
I never lost as much but twice
A narrow Fellow in the Grass
Split the Lark—and you’ll find the Music—
Safe in their Alabaster Chambers
I died for Beauty
The Brain is wider than the Sky
I dwell in Possibility
I like to see it lap the Miles
I heard a Fly buzz
In Winter in my Room
They shut me up in Prose
Much Madness is divinest Sense—
I like a look of Agony
Wild Nights—Wild Nights!
My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun—
The Soul has Bandaged moments—
Success is counted sweetest
_____________________ Text in Context: Heart of Darkness JOSEPH CONRAD [b. Poland, 1857–1924]
*Heart of Darkness
In the World: Colonialism and Independence RUDYARD KIPLING [b. India, 1865–1936]
The White Man’s Burden
GEORGE WASHINGTON WILLIAMS [b. United States, 1849–1891]
from An Open Letter to His Serene Majesty Leopold II
MARK TWAIN (SAMUEL CLEMENS) [b. United States, 1835–1910]
from King Leopold’s Soliloquy
RAJA RAO [b. India, 1909–2006]
Foreword to Kanthapura
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU [b. India, 1889–1964]
Speech on the Granting of Indian Independence, August 14, 1947
_____________________ ANTON CHEKHOV [b. Russia, 1860–1904]
*The Cherry Orchard
(Translated by David Magarshack) RABINDRANATH TAGORE [b. India, 1861–1941]
*Broken Ties
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS [b. Ireland, 1865–1939]
The Lake Isle of Innisfree
Easter 1916
The Second Coming
Sailing to Byzantium
Leda and the Swan
Among School Children
LU XUN [b. China, 1881–1936]
A Madman’s Diary
(Translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang) VIRGINIA WOOLF [b. England, 1882–1941]
from A Room of One’s Own
Chapter 3 [Shakespeare’s Sister]
Three Pictures
The Fascination of the Pool
_____________________ Text in Context: The Metamorphosis FRANZ KAFKA [b. Prague, 1883–1924]
*The Metamorphosis
(Translated by J. A. Underwood) In the World: Modernism SIGMUND FREUD [b. Austria, 1856–1939]
from Origin and Development of Psycho-Analysis
(Translated by Harry W. Chase) T. S. ELIOT [b. United States, 1888–1965]
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
ANDRÉ BRETON [b. France, 1896–1966]
from The Surrealist Manifesto
(Translated by Patrick Waldberg) ABÉ KOBO [b. Japan, 1924–1993]
The Red Cocoon
(Translated by Lane Dunlop) GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ [b. Columbia, 1928]
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
(Translated by Gregory Rabassa) _____________________
Text in Context: The Waste Land T. S. ELIOT [b. United States, 1888–1965]
*The Waste Land
In the World: War, Conflict, and Resistance YOSANO AKIKO [b. Japan, 1878–1942]
I Beg You, Brother: Do Not Die
(Translated by Jay Rubin) WILFRED OWEN [b. England, 1893–1918]
Dulce et Decorum Est
The Parable of the Old Man and the Young
ANNA AKHMATOVA [b. Russia, 1889–1966]
*Requiem
(Translated by Judith Hemschemeyer) NELLY SACHS [b. Germany, 1891–1970]
O the Chimneys
(Translated by Michael Roloff) PAUL CELAN [b. Romania, 1920–1970]
Death Fugue
(Translated by John Felstiner) TAMURA RYUICHI [b. Japan, 1923–1998]
A Vertical Coffin
(Translated by Samuel Grolmes and Tsumura Yumiko) WISLAWA SZYMBORSKA [b. Poland, 1923]
The Terrorist, He Watches
(Translated by Robert A. Maguire and Magnus Jan Krynski) ANDREI VOZNESENSKY [b. Russia, 1933]
I Am Goya
(Translated by Stanley Kunitz) TIM O’BRIEN [b. United States, 1946]
The Man I Killed
FADWA TUQAN [b. Palestine, 1917–2003]
Song of Becoming
(Translated by Naomi Shihab Nye) YEHUDA AMICHAI [b. Germany, 1924–2000]
God Has Pity on Kindergarten Children
(Translated by Assia Gutmann) MAHMOUD DARWISH [b. Palestine, 1941]
Victim Number 18
Identity Card
(Translated by Denys Johnson-Davies) BEI DAO [b. China, 1949]
Declaration
(Translated by Bonnie S. McDougall) _____________________
FEDERICO GARCÍA LORCA [b. Spain, 1898–1936]
Ode to Walt Whitman
Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejías
(Translated by Stephen Spender and J. L. Gili) JORGE LUIS BORGES [b. Argentina, 1899–1986]
The Garden of the Forking Paths
(Translated by Donald A. Yates) PABLO NERUDA [b. Chile, 1904–1973]
Ode with a Lament
(Translated by H. R. Hays) Sexual Water
(Translated by H. R. Hays) Hymn and Return
(Translated by Robert Bly) The United Fruit Co.
(Translated by Robert Bly) The Heights of Macchu Picchu
(Translated by Jack Schmitt) Ode to Salt
(Translated by Robert Bly) Poet’s Obligation
(Translated by Alastair Reid) SAMUEL BECKETT [b. Ireland, 1906–1989]
Krapp’s Last Tape
NAGUIB MAHFOUZ [b. Egypt, 1911–2006]
Zaabalawi
(Translated by Denys Johnson-Davies) ALBERT CAMUS [b. Algeria, 1913–1960]
The Guest
The Myth of Sisyphus
(Translated by Justin O’Brien) _____________________ Text in Context: Things Fall Apart CHINUA ACHEBE [b. Nigeria, 1930]
*Things Fall Apart
In the World: Images of Africa W. E. B. DU BOIS [b. United States, 1868–1963]
from The Souls of Black Folk
CLAUDE MCKAY [b. Jamaica, 1889–1948]
To the White Fiends
Outcast
LANGSTON HUGHES [b. United States, 1902–1967]
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
COUNTEE CULLEN [b. United States, 1903–1946]
Heritage
LÉOPOLD SÉDAR SENGHOR [b. Senegal, 1906–2001]
Black Woman
Prayer to the Masks
(Translated by Melvin Dixon) AIMÉ CÉSAIRE [b. Martinique, 1913]
from Notebook of a Return to the Native Land
(Translated by Clayton Eshleman and Annette Smith) GWENDOLYN BROOKS [b. United States, 1917–2000]
To the Diaspora
CHINUA ACHEBE [b. Nigeria, 1930]
An Image of Africa
_____________________ DEREK WALCOTT [b. St. Lucia, 1930]
A Latin Primer
White Magic
The Light of the World
For Pablo Neruda
ALIFA RIFAAT [b. Egypt, 1930]
My World of the Unknown
(Translated by Denys Johnson-Davies) SALMAN RUSHDIE [b. India, 1947]
The Courter
EDWIDGE DANTICAT [b. Haiti, 1969]
Children of the Sea
Glossary of Literary and Critical Terms
Index